Stevenston Music Tutors and Stevenston Music Tuition

Personal Description:
Based in Wantage (Oxfordshire) Jim has been providing drum tuition to players of all ages and level of ability since 2003.

He has been teaching private drum tuition for 7 years from his home studio. Many of his students have been with him for a long time. His teaching is based largely on the Gigajam syllabus and he likes to think that he brings the syllabus to life and makes it interesting and relevant for his students.

Teaching Experience:
He always make sure that he tailors his teaching to suit each student as an individual and that he treats them as such. Regardless of their age or ability he gives them all the same amount of attention and always does his utmost to support and motivate them.

He has been a gigging drummer since the age of 14 and has played in numerous bands at numerous gigs and events. He draws upon his own experiences (good and bad) to empathise with his students and to help and assist where he can, be it with a tuning issue, a drum repair or upgrade or helping them to stay focused while learning a new and sometimes difficult technique.

Tutoring Approach:
He is a well motivated, outgoing and cheerful person and that comes across in his lessons. He likes to keep things upbeat (no pun intended) and fun, as he believes that music should be something that is enjoyable and pleasurable and not a chore.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a music passionate friendly & reliable person, who is creative in exploring new teaching methods. I enjoy meeting new people. I am an honest motivated person, well organised and trained to teach people of different age groups. I had a proper musical training by my guru thus have a wide range of musical skills which are required by a performing artist.

I hold two bachelors degrees; one from Akhil bhartiya gandharva mandal (music university in india) and another on from nagpur university. I have performed on various platforms across india and uk. Currently based in Cardiff-Penarth.

Teaching Experience:
7 years of teaching experience.

Tutoring Approach:
All practical and theoretical approach while teaching Indian classical music. Voice culture training and use of meditation in music.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Experienced Session Musician, with 11 years live and studio experience. 8 years tutoring experience. Two co-written South African chart singles, 8 studio albums ( session and co-writing ), three international releases. One South African National tour.

Teaching Experience:
Having started my own music college in South Africa 6 years ago and tutoring students on a one to one basis for the last year in London. My experience as a tutor is vast, not only do I have teaching/tutoring experience but also years of live session work in studio and on stage with various bands. Often co-writing singles that would go to chart.

Tutoring Approach:
My approach to teaching is tailored to each individual. Obviously in group sessions this can become complicated but I do always give each student personal attention so that they are learning the way that best suits them. I find just teaching students theory tends to take the Joy of music away ( and Music is first and foremost about joy and love for the art ). At the same time, on the opposite side of the coin not teaching the student any theory can be destructive.

My approach entails a mixture of Technique, Theory, and a vast amount of Practical. Because of each student being an individual, I mould my approach in how I teach them in these three areas, to maximize their potential.

Subjects

Personal Description:
My name is Kay and I have 21 years' experience as a tutor in all of the following subjects and levels:

1) English at Primary level (Years 1 to 6), KS3 , GCSE (Language & Literature) and A level Literature.
2) Maths at Primary level (Years 1 to 6).
3) 7+, 11+ , 13+ entrance exams.
4) History at KS3 and GCSE level.
5) Piano - from Grades 1 to 5 , as well as learning for pleasure
6) Singing -from Grades 1 to 5., as well as learning for pleasure
7) Guitar- from Grades 1 to 3, as well as learning for pleasure.
8) Music Theory- from Grades 1 to 5.

I am now offering tuition on Zoom/Skype during the Lockdown.

I also have 26 written references from parents, for students of various abilities, across all these subjects and levels.
I have an English-related degree (in History- which included some English modules within the degree), and I have a Level 1 City & Guilds Teaching Certificate in English.

I also have a proven track record of improving student's grades, regularly improving them by 1 to 2 grades, often in less than 1 year's tuition. For example, in English, I recently tutored a student at GCSE level- he had been predicted C grades in both Language & Literature, but after just 8 months' tuition with me, he achieved an A in his GCSE English Language exam and an A* in his English Literature exam. This is typical of my success over the years as a tutor.

I use National Curriculum Resources for all tuitions. Furthermore, I have great experience tutoring all abilities from the gifted and talented to those with Learning Disabilities (I have regularly taught students with Dyslexia, Dyspraxia and Asberges).

I can either travel to the student's home or they can come to me. I am available to tutor on all evenings of the week, Monday to Friday, as well as in the daytime.I tutor through most of the School holidays, providing the opportunity for students to put in extra revision during these periods.

Teaching Experience:
As a full-time tutor, I have built up an extensive knowledge of the National Curriculum and the various exam boards.
I have also built up a wealth of National Curriculum Resources for English, Maths and History : my 3 main subjects.

For English, I have resources covering the following: Spelling, Punctuation, Grammar , Phonics, Vocabulary, Sentence structure, Comprehension and Creative Writing.

For Maths, I have resources from the very basics: Number Bonds and Counting up and down at KS1, to the 4 operations & main topics : for example Fractions , Decimals and Percentages at KS2 . Also, I have books for Gifted and Talented Maths students at the top of KS2 level.In addition, I have an extensive resource base of past exam papers in all subjects and levels.

For History, I have National Curriculum Resources for the various exam boards and plenty of past papers.

Tutoring Approach:
I am a firm believer in making students feel at ease in the lessons, and in offering plenty of encouragement during the tuitions to build the student's confidence in the subject I am teaching.

I generally teach a topic to a student , and then set practice questions for the student to attempt based on my teaching.I am open to setting homework for the students, but always liaise with the parents as to whether they want their child to have any and if so how much.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Ben has been described by a current student as "a brilliant teacher who has helped me with whatever styles of music I have wanted to play". I've been a profession teacher for over 10 years and am well established in the local area. I teach from my home or yours and even offer on-line lessons using Skype.
I have a fully modern studio, and am able to create custom backing tracks for you at no extra cost. Please do not hesitate to contact me at any time for more details.

Teaching Experience:
I have been teaching privately for over ten years and have got many students to pass their guitar and theory grades

Tutoring Approach:
I have an informal approach, trying to make lessons as enjoyable as I can and still achieve the best possible results.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Robin MMus, BMus (hons.), ATCL (dip.), MISM teacher Singing, Piano, Guitar, Bass, Drums and Composition (including Theory).

Teaching Experience:
I began teaching group lessons in school. After leaving school, I began training for the classroom, but I did not feel I could impact the individual in such a large group environment. While maintaining strong links with school curriculum, I began to pursue my career in individual instruction. My home based tuition serves approximately sixty five pupils at a time and my online lessons support many more, depending on the time zone. I have taught students in Australia, the Middle East, France, Russia and a variety of locations around the British Isles. With such a large cohort of students I offer a variety of syllabuses and qualifications. These are embarked upon at the student's request. Lessons are Student-Centred, so the Teaching Method fits the Student.

Tutoring Approach:
I started teaching in 1993 and have been offering a pupil centred approach to happy and successful students ever since. I teach classically, although not necessarily Classical. Whatever your style, you will learn how music works. This helps you to develop your musical skills.

I have a Teaching Diploma which guides my principles and practise in teaching, a BMus which covers general history and performance - I have also have performing experience with a high point of 144 concerts in 2007. My MMus underpins analysis.

Subjects

Personal Description:
My Name is Rachel and I have finished my final year at the University of Glasgow, where I studied a Bachelor of Music with Honours. I am a very positive, hardworking person. I am a singer and also have many years of experience working with the Kodaly method of music education. I have achieved ABRSM Grade 5 Theory, The National Youth Choir of Scotland's Go For Gold Certificate (which is accredited to Grade 5 Theory) and have also achieved Grade 8 in Voice and Grade 7 in Oboe through the ABRSM. I am a first study singer, and have several years teaching and assisting in teaching theory.

Teaching Experience:
I have worked with the National Youth Choir of Scotland for 2 years and have been doing music workshops in schools with Primary 3 and 4. I also teach in one of NYCoS's Area Choirs teaching young people from the age of 8-18. Before I became an employee of NYCoS I had volunteered with them as an assistent music instructor. I have the Go For Bronze/Silver/Gold teaching qualifications, with Go For Gold now being accredited to ABRSM Grade 5 Theory.

Tutoring Approach:
I am a very patient teacher and try my best to find a way which makes learning fun and easy for each individual.
I was taught using a course designed by NYCoS that is based on the work of the Hungarian composer Zoltan Kodaly. He believed that music education should be fun and inclusive and this is something I strive to bring to my lessons.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Anastasia is a aviolinist, originally from Greece. Anastasia started playing the violin from the age of 6 years old. In 2006 she entered the State Conservatory of Music in Greece, where she graduated from in June 2015 with the Greek National Diploma on Violin performance, winning the 1st prize and a 'virtuosity' award. She holds the distinction of being the conservatoire's youngest violin-graduate ever. While she was studying at the State Conservatory of Music she has has been the leader of the Conservatory's Youth Symphony Orchestra between 2009-2014.

Anastasia moved to London in 2015 and started her Bachelor studies in Music at the Royal Academy of Music, where she studies with professor Richard Deakin. She is currently doing her final year as an undergraduate student at the Academy, expecting to obtain her degree from the university in 2019.

As a student at the Royal Academy of Music, Anastasia has participated in numerous concerts as a soloist, in violin- piano duos and chamber music concerts. She has also been a member of the RAM's Symphony Orchestra performing some of the orchestral masterpieces under Sir-Mark Elder, Semyon Bychkov, Jack van Steen and Robert Trevino.

Being a member of the European Union Youth Orchestra (EUYO) for 4 years, Anastasia has performed throughout Europe under Bernard Haitink, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Vasily Petrenko, Gianandrea Noseda, Xian Zhang and Krysztof Urbansky in many prestigious concert halls including BBC Proms, Konzerthaus- Berlin and the Royal Concertgebouw- Amsterdam, among others.

Anastasia has also played and performed alongside professional orchestras in Greece including the 'State Symphony Orchestra of Thessaloniki', the 'Municipality of Thessaloniki Symphony Orchestra' and the 'Megaron Youth Symphony Orchestra'. She has led the Misbourne Symphony Orchestra in Amersham with success in 2016-2017.

Anastasia has participated in many competitions including the `Gina Bachauer` Music Competition in 2012 (awarded with high honours), `The Muse International Competition 2013` (Chamber Music prizewinner) and the Eurovision Young Musicians 2014 among others.
She has attended many masterclasses with very well known violinists such as Zakhar Bron, Maxim Vengerov, Midori Goto, Ivry Gitlis, Gidon Kremer, So Ock-Kim, Tasmin Little, Marina Kesselman and Bohuslav Matousek.
She has recorded and interviewed for the Greek National Radio and Television, Athens 2013.

Anastasia has been teaching young children and adults for many years. She has been trained to teach music to children one to one and also in groups at the State Conservatory of Music in Greece in 2014. She has been giving lessons privately and at numerous primary schools and music academies in Greece and in London. She is mainly teaching the violin, which was her principal study all these years, and also teaches music theory, piano (keyboards), chamber music and also coaches string orchestras. She also offers group violin lessons to children. Anastasia has shown interest in teaching since a very young age has successfully created her own way of teaching, which aims to help young children learn music fast, play with natural-relaxed motions and above all enjoy music! Anastasia has an unlimited amount of energy, enthusiasm and fascination for working with young people.

Interested in the Suzuki Method, she is planning to get trained as Suzuki instructor, after she holds her masters degree from the Royal Academy of Music in 2020.

Teaching Experience:
Anastasia has been teaching young children and adults for many years. She has been trained to teach music to children one to one and also in groups at the State Conservatory of Music in Greece in 2014. She has been giving lessons privately and at numerous primary schools and music academies in Greece and in London. She is mainly teaching the violin, which was her principal study all these years, and also teaches music theory, piano (keyboards), chamber music and also coaches string orchestras. She also offers group violin lessons to children. Anastasia has shown interest in teaching since a very young age has successfully created her own way of teaching, which aims to help young children learn music fast, play with natural-relaxed motions and above all enjoy music! Anastasia has an unlimited amount of energy, enthusiasm and fascination for working with young people.

Interested in the Suzuki Method, she is planning to get trained as Suzuki instructor, after she holds her masters degree from the Royal Academy of Music in 2020.

Tutoring Approach:
My approach to music tuition is very adaptable as each student has a different personality, music perception and ideas.
One of my main intentions is to make the student feel comfortable and always enjoy the music they are playing!
The music comes first, and the technique must always be music-led!

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a qualified Primary Teacher experienced with making Primary English and Maths fun!
Primary English and Maths coaching.
Maths for fun, Creative Writing for Children and short Summer courses.

HALF TERM ENGLISH /MATHS COURSE



Lessons available one to one or online.

Teaching Experience:
I have taught Primary English and Maths, violin and piano to pupils from 5-75 years of age. I am a former Head of Department .

Tutoring Approach:
I have a nurturing and encouraging approach, building confidence.
I love making maths fun and engaging children with Creative Writing projects.
My pupils love my lessons!

*HALF TERM MATHS/ENGLISH COURSE - A FEW SPACES STILL AVAILABLE *

Subjects

Personal Description:
Paolo is an Italian songwriter, composer, and stage director based in London.

He has independently composed, produced, and released solo albums, as well as soundtracks for theatre productions and songs for other artists. Beginning his music career in 1992, Paolo is also an accomplished singer and guitarist who has performed across Europe and collaborated with numerous international artists.

His unique writing style has evolved over years of traveling, literary studies, and ongoing poetic exploration, which earned him first prize in poetry at the Pirandello Stable Festival in 2012.

Paolo's theatre and cinema career began in 1998. Alongside intensive drama school training, he spent seven years honing his acting and directing skills at the Teatro Regio di Torino, working under renowned directors Franco Zeffirelli, José Carlos Plaza, Ugo De Ana, Giuseppe Patroni Griffi, and John Cox.

Since 2002, he has written and directed numerous plays, including The Bald Soprano by Ionesco, The Trojan Women by Euripides, and A Doll's House by Ibsen, staged in various UK venues.

Throughout his career, Paolo has taught Italian Literature, Humanities, Music, and Geography in primary and secondary schools and academies. He holds an MA in Humanities and Arts from the University of Turin, a Diploma in Classical Guitar from Trinity College London, an MA in Archaeology from UCL, and is currently pursuing PhD research at Cardiff University.

He is the founder of a website dedicated to his archaeological research, and, a video-audio production company.

Paolo recently published the book for beginner guitarist and a collection of his poems; both books are available on Amazon.

Teaching Experience:
I qualified to teach:

- Italian Language and Literature, Archaeology, and Humanities (Geography, History, and Religious Studies up to GCSE Level).
- Classical, Acoustic and Electric guitar lessons up to Grade 8 and DIplomas (Trinity College, ABRSM, RockSchool).
- Piano, Bass guitar and Singing lessons up to Grade 6 (Trinity College and ABRSM).
- Music technology, sound design and audio editing tuitions and workshop on Cubase (v. 7 to 11) and Logic Pro X .
- Music theory, songwriting classes, and private tutoring for GCSE students who need extra help are also available.
- Adobe Premiere and Photoshop for video and photo editing (beginner and intermediate).
- Italian grammar and literature up to A-Level and for adult learner.

Tutoring Approach:
I believe anyone can achieve excellence with the right motivation. While exam success is important, I emphasize the joy of learning itself, sparking curiosity and passion in my students. My teaching approach blends exam preparation with fostering creativity and confidence in a supportive environment, where students feel free to explore and grow.

Since starting my teaching journey in 1998, I've taught Literature, Humanities, Music, and Drama in Italy, and since 2015, I've been teaching music in UK schools. I offer personalized lessons in guitar (up to Grade 8 and Diplomas), piano, bass, singing (up to Grade 6), and music technology, including Cubase and Logic Pro. Whether it`s music theory, songwriting, or GCSE/A-Level tutoring, I tailor my teaching to each student`s unique style, always ensuring a fun and engaging atmosphere for optimal learning.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have been playing guitar for 20 years and teaching music for 7 years. I have been involved in a variety of different bands and ensembles within that time. My main focus throughout this time has been all kinds of rock music but I also have lots of experience in metal and acoustic singer/songwriter styles. I qualified from Leeds College of Music, gaining a 2:1 degree in Music Production and Performance, and possess a passion for all genres of music and teaching. I completed a Post Graduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) in Higher Education Music at Edge Hill University in 2020, achieving a Distinction in the process.

Teaching Experience:
As stated above I have been tutoring in music, guitar, bass and piano for around 7 years totally around 1000 individual hours. I have experience working in colleges at BTEC level having completed a PGCE placement at Access To Music Manchester.

Tutoring Approach:
I take a professional approach to teaching and I usually like to start the student off with a song to allow them to enjoy playing their instrument immediately. No matter what their ability, I find a student is always able to learn a song they know and by adopting this approach I find they progress much faster. I can take you all the way from a very beginner through to advanced levels. I take a practical and direct approach to teaching and would expect the student to be involved from the very beginning.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hello! I am a highly experienced primary school teacher and tutor with a passion for teaching and education. In my free time, I love dog walks, reading and playing or listening to music. If you need support in Maths or English, or any primary subject, I would love to help!

Teaching Experience:
I am a primary teacher with 11 years experience teaching and tutoring across Ireland and England. I graduated with a B.Ed in 2011 and I recently completed a Masters in Education in school leadership. I have taught and tutored all year groups of primary age. In the past, I have worked as the Reading and Phonics leader across Early Years and KS1. I love to support students on their journey learning to read. I get the best from my students with a relaxed, engaging and creative approach. Good working relationships are important to me, and I like to get to know my students and parents well. Teaching remotely during lockdown has equipped me with excellent experience teaching online and I have much experience tutoring students of all ages.

Tutoring Approach:
I am a suitable tutor as I have ample teaching experience working with children not just in the classroom, but in learning support. I have worked with pupils to implement interventions in literacy and maths, in order to help them better access the curriculum. I like to stretch and challenge my students, while also providing opportunities for success on their learning journey. I make learning fun through an interactive and captivating approach to lessons. I have experience and have completed courses in teaching through White Rose Maths, Read Write Inc and Jolly Phonics. Before a lesson, I will thoroughly assess the student's abilities to enable me to adapt my lessons to suit their needs. I will always feedback to parents after each lesson and set homework if requested.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I'm a professional guitar tutor. I have BA degree of Saint-Petersburg University of Culture and Arts - jazz guitar. I'm awardee of International Blues festival Noc Bluesowa, 2 International Festival in Crimea 2007

Teaching Experience:
16 years of tutoring
7 years of seniority in kid music school

Tutoring Approach:
Individual methods for every person according to abilities

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hello. We've taken the traditional guitar class and turned it on its head with a range of lessons, courses, jams and events that have entertained and developed thousands of guitar players, just like you.

We aren't just about scales, theory and solitary practice (although we do encourage all of those things) We're about the magic that happens when musicians meet.

Everything we do is done from our bar/music venue. We also stream all of our classes so that people all over the world can still take part.

All our learners get to know each other. Our purpose-built venue in East London is our hub where we host classes, run events, serve food and drinks and make musical connections.

See you in a session soon.

Teaching Experience:
Thomas has over a decade of experience teaching guitar to a range of learners - from experienced musicians looking to fine-tune their skills, to visually impaired individuals, to students just taking their first steps on their guitar journey. He has taught in schools, prisons, on boats and in the street. Thomas has delivered over 7,000 hours of classes to over 2,000 people.

Tutoring Approach:
Learning through the music that you love. A focus on theory and the more academic side of things, as well as on confidence in performing, writing your own music, playing with others, and harnessing the joy of making music. We run a range of courses and one-off teaching events - we can help you find one that is perfect for your level and interests.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I'm an experienced tutor currently working as a Lecturer and Supervisor at the University of Cambridge. Besides this I have several years' school-teaching experience as well as with individual tutees.

I studied at the University of Cambridge and at the Royal Academy of Music throughout my teenage years.

In addition to my work In Cambridge I hold a Deputy Professorship at the Junior Department of the Guildhall School of Music & Drama. My private teaching practice comprises students of all ages and complements my professional activities as conductor, bassoonist, organist, and arts administrator.

Teaching Experience:
I have been teaching privately since 2006, and also have several years' experience of school-teaching (secondary). I am experienced in giving workshops (singing, conducting, performance technique, chamber music etc.). I also lecture for the Music Faculty at the University of Cambridge as well as supervising undergraduates and graduates for papers in Harmony & Counterpoint, Music & Science, Psychology, and practical skills (including jazz improvisation).

I hold a deputy professorship at the Junior Department of the Guildhall School of Music & Drama and also tutor for the Royal College of Organists; I am hugely experienced in preparing students for interviews and auditions, as well as in examination preparation and revision/study skills and techniques.

Tutoring Approach:
I always strive to inspire my tutees with the confidence to push themselves to achieve their full potential, while being aware that outside the lessons they also have other commitments. I am experienced in teaching students with learning difficulties and am happy to be flexible in my teaching style depending on the needs of the individual student.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a self-taught guitarist of over 20 years and am technically proficient to an advanced level, there are very few guitar techniques that I'm unfamiliar with and I am continually learning more. I've performed in a variety of venues/situations, whether as a solo performer, in a band or as part of the accompaniment for musicals, each of which require different approaches and disciplines. I've also done plenty of recorded performances which also requires a host of different skills.

Teaching Experience:
I have been teaching guitar for over 10 years on an ad hoc basis with private students. I also currently work at Coleg Y Cymoedd, teaching live performance and music rehearsal skills for the last 2 years. I have helped students of all ages over the years go from complete beginners to accomplished players, as well as taking intermediate players and help them to learn more advanced techniques.

Tutoring Approach:
My teaching method involves the same method by which I teach myself - focused practice and repetition. A lot of people try to run before they can walk, spending a couple of days learning chords then trying to play complicated lead parts. What you will work on with me, is having a solid foundation on which to build. We will work together to make sure that when you learn techniques, you learn them the right way first time. We'll do things slowly and smoothly, because slow and smooth equals fast in the long run.
Fundamentally though, we will go at your pace. Everyone learns different skills at different speeds, so there is no pressure to learn anything in a particular time frame, the key is for there to be progress little by little. Equally we will tailor lessons to your wants/needs as much as possible and so you're learning the type of guitar playing that most appeals to you.
A lot of tutors take an approach of getting you to go through guitar grades and whilst that is something we can look into if it appeals to you, I personally have never found grades to be worth anything and certainly not an accurate measurement of someone's ability/talent, so with that in mind, going through grades is not something I will be pushing you to do.
I advise for the first lesson (which is free) to be 1 hour so we can get to know each other and put together a bit of a plan for you. After that I recommend lessons be 30 minutes per lesson per week, as the main goal of lessons is for you to show me what you've practiced in the previous week and for me to then advise you on what can be improved etc., or if it's time for you to start working on something else. In my experience 30 minutes is more than sufficient to achieve this but if you feel you'd like more tuition then of course we can explore that.

Please note the rate shown is an hourly rate. 30 minute lessons will be £15 in person or £12.50 online.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I'm a French student living in Edinburgh. I just graduated 2 licences, one in Film Studies and on in English literature. I also just finished 3 years of prep school. During those years, I was prepared to go into the highest French literature school. I specialised my studies into cinema during those 3 years. Therefore, I can teach everything related to art, literature and subjects that are close to it.

I'm really kind and like to know the people I'm teaching to. I like sports (Handball mostly), music (did 10 years of music school), reading and going to movies.

Teaching Experience:
I already teach music to younger students in my music school (4 years).
I used to tutor students thanks to a tutoring program in my prep school. (3 years)
I coached younger players during my latest handball years. (2 years)

Tutoring Approach:
My approach to tutoring depends on the age of the student. For example, for my youngest students, I like to play games to make them learn.
I don't mind repeating myself and know how to explain things in different ways.
My approach is to make increase skills by yourself by unlocking or deblocking things you thought you didn't understand.
I also give advices on how to review your course and learn your lesson. I'm great at giving advises for essays as I had to wrote one every week during 6h, during my prep school.
For every language's subject, I favour speaking and listening to oral comprehension in order to increase your skills.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a student at Bangor University with a passion for music that I would love to share. I teach beginner and intermediate violin, as well as beginner singing.

Teaching Experience:
I have been playing violin for 9 years and singing in choirs for 10, with 2 years' experience leading an orchestra as concertmaster.

Tutoring Approach:
I'm happy to teach in any style or format you might be interested in, including electric and acoustic violin! I have the most experience in Classical and American Folk music but am interested in all genres. I will help you achieve any goals you might have in music; exams and qualifications or just learning for fun.

Subjects