Malpas Mandarin Tutors and Malpas Mandarin Tuition

Personal Description:
I had been a qualified teacher of English in China for nearly four years before i came to the UK. I can speak good English and Madarin and Contonese. I have been working as a voluntary teacher teaching kids mandarin every Sunday. I have just got a master's degree in language learning and education at the university of york in November 2012. I am currently working as a Chinese tutor.

Teaching Experience:
April 2009-present,
Voluntary worker
Work as a voluntary teacher teaching kids who want to learn Chinese every Sunday
August 2005-March 2009, TAI SHAN NO.1 High School Guang Dong China
English teacher
Worked as a full-time English teacher teaching students aged 16-18 who are going to enter the universities. Gave two or three classes every day on English words, grammar and English cultures etc.

Tutoring Approach:
face-to-face tutoring. Flexible pedagogy is adopted according to students' needs.

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Personal Description:
I am a qualified Mandarin teacher who is experienced teaching Mandarin across the age groups and at different levels, from beginner to A Level. I enjoy teaching Chinese and get great satisfaction from achieving excellent results with my pupils. I have taught Mandarin in independent and state schools. I tutor pupils of 4-18 years old at my home in Weybridge, in one to one, one to two, or small group settings. A Chinese graduate with degrees in the UK, I have lived here for 20 years and have great understanding of both cultures. I am also a GCSE/IGCSE/A Level examiner who is familiar with GCSE/IGCSE/A Level specifications.

Teaching Experience:
I am fluent in English, Mandarin and Cantonese. I tutor according to students' requirements: either gaining exposure as a complete beginner from this up or coming language, learning basic daily conversations prior to travel, or preparing for GCSE and A Level examinations.

Tutoring Approach:
With excellent knowledge of cultural differences between China and UK, my approach to tutoring is practical and encouraging with a sense of humour. I can help my students in a flexible, adaptive and tailored way, as I understand that each student is an individual with individual needs. I enjoy good relationships with them and take great pleasure to obtain excellent results.

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Personal Description:
I am a Chinese oversea student who have studied at plymouth for 2 years now. I am looking for a part-time job to counteract my living costs, also making friends all around the world.

Teaching Experience:
No actual related teaching experience.

Tutoring Approach:
to be discussed

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Personal Description:
I am a fully qualified teacher with extensive experience teaching A-Level Mathematics and Physics in mainstream secondary schools. Over the past 10+ years, I have taught the full A-Level syllabus-including Core Mathematics, Mechanics, Statistics, and Further Pure Mathematics-within formal school settings, giving me deep insight into curriculum requirements, examination standards, and the specific challenges students face in tackling exam questions.

Track Record of Results
My students consistently achieve the best possible grades at GCSE and A-Level. Many have secured places at their preferred universities, while others have moved up two grade levels within a single term-some showing 50% improvement in performance in just one term. I have helped students across the ability range, from those in lower sets exploring their full potential to those achieving the highest marks across entire year groups. Students frequently report that subject material becomes significantly easier to follow once we work through it together, leading to greater confidence and stronger performance in their mainstream school classes.

Additional Expertise
Beyond A-Level and GCSE Mathematics and Physics, I also prepare students for:
11+ and Common Entrance exams (Mathematics, Comprehension, Verbal and Non-Verbal Reasoning, Writing)
7+ and 13+ entrance assessments
GCSE Mandarin (listening and speaking focus)
I welcome students of all ages who are seeking structured, results-driven private tuition. Parent recommendations are available upon request.
Credentials & Safeguarding
DBS Checked (Disclosure & Barring Service)

Teaching Experience:
A-Level Physics & Maths Teacher | 10+ Years Experience. Currently teaching A-level maths and further maths in main stream secondary school.

First Class Results in A-Level & IB Physics and Mathematics
I am a dedicated Physics and Maths teacher with over 10 years of secondary school experience and a proven track record of helping students achieve top grades in GCSE, A-Level, IB, and AP examinations.

What I Teach
A-Level / IB / AP: Physics and Mathematics (specialist focus)
GCSE / IGCSE / KS3: Maths and Physics
KS2 Maths and 11+ Entrance Exam preparation (Maths, Comprehension, Verbal/Non-Verbal Reasoning, Writing)
Mandarin: Native speaker tuition for all ages, including GCSE Mandarin preparation

Qualifications
MSc Finance and Accounting
BSc Assets Evaluation and Management
MCSE certified

Why Choose My Tuition?
✓ Specialist expertise in A-Level and IB Physics/Maths syllabi
✓ Consistent record of students achieving their best possible grades
✓ Personalised one-to-one sessions or small group classes (max 5 students)
✓ Flexible learning: in-person (Sipson/Heathrow area, within 5-mile radius) or online via Skype

Pricing & Availability
Weekdays and weekends available
5% group discount (max 5 students)
5% block booking discount (10 lessons)

My Approach
Positive attitude is key in learning. Remember: learning can be really fun. LOVE TO LEARN.

Tutoring Approach:
I always listen to my tutees first and assess their level of knowledge. I often use relaxed, patient and friendly approach with the younger students, as well as punctuality and dedication. I believe that having fun is the best way of learning any subject for all ages.

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Personal Description:
Post doctoral researcher at University of Sheffield, working to improve mathematical computer models which predict onset of heart disease.

I recently completed a PhD in Bioengineering at Imperial College London, carrying out mathematical research on heart disease. My first degree was in Maths at the same university, and I took a Masters in Biomedical Research in between.

I attended both a state school and a top boarding school and am comfortable to cover topics on and off the standard syllabus.

I am a very fun, friendly person with a wide range of activities and hobbies from inline skating to singing and playing the violin.

Teaching Experience:
I have tutored A-level maths privately for a few years, and also spent several weeks as a teaching assistant in a secondary school during my undergraduate degree as part of the Student Associates Scheme. Many of my contemporaries from university are science and mathematics teachers across England and overseas, and I periodically discuss teaching methods and curriculum changes with them.

During my PhD, I led undergraduate tutorials and problems classes in the Mathematics and several Engineering departments, teaching undergraduates from 1st year to 4th year. The courses include Mathematical Methods, Matlab, Fluid Mechanics, PDEs, Modelling in Biology, Heat and Mass Transfer. I also carried out 1-1 tuition for undergraduates at departmental request. I have supervised a number of undergraduate and masters research projects and summer students.

Tutoring Approach:
I am a very approachable person and I prefer interactive sessions, although I can tailor the tuition style to the individual.

A first meeting would involve an informal chat for the student and I to get more familiar with his/her needs and style of working, and everything follows from there.

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Personal Description:
✨Experienced Native Mandarin Tutor | GCSE, HSK & Professional Chinese | 20+ Years✨

Hello, I'm Ching-Yi (Sunny) - a native Mandarin Chinese tutor from Taiwan, now based in the UK, with over 20 years of teaching experience.

I provide high-quality, structured Mandarin lessons for students who are serious about achieving real progress, strong academic results, and confident communication skills.

My teaching combines:
Clear, step-by-step progression
Accurate pronunciation and tone training
Real-life conversational Mandarin
Cultural understanding

This ensures students develop the ability to speak naturally and use Mandarin with confidence, not just memorise vocabulary.

Teaching Experience:
✨20+ years teaching Mandarin Chinese (Taiwan & UK)
Teaching international students since 2005
UK-based since 2008
Former professional translator & interpreter
Current Chinese language school teacher (students aged 5-16)

I bring a professional, organised, and results-driven approach to every lesson.

Specialist Areas:
GCSE Chinese preparation
HSK (Chinese Proficiency Test)
Mandarin for beginners & adults
Conversational Mandarin Chinese
Business & professional Chinese
Chinese for children (KS1-KS4)
Pronunciation, tones & Pinyin mastery
Reading & writing (Simplified & Traditional Chinese)

Tutoring Approach:
✨Each lesson is tailored to the student's goals, ensuring efficient and measurable progress.

What sets my lessons apart?
Structured learning with clear outcomes
High-quality, customised teaching materials
Strong focus on speaking confidence and accuracy
Regular feedback and progress tracking

For younger learners, I use engaging activities, stories, and games.
For older students and professionals, lessons are focused, efficient, and goal-oriented.

Who I Work With?
I work best with:
Parents seeking high-quality Mandarin education
Students preparing for GCSEs, A-levels, or HSK exams
Professionals learning Mandarin for career or business
Motivated adult learners seeking structured progress

Lesson Options:
One-to-one premium tuition (recommended)
Small group lessons (siblings/friends welcome - discounted rate)

Available:
Online
From my home
Travel lessons (additional fee)

Results:
My students
Gain confidence in speaking Mandarin
Build strong pronunciation and grammar foundations
Achieve improved exam results
Develop long-term interest in the language and culture

✨ If you are looking for a professional, experienced Mandarin tutor who delivers high-quality, results-focused lessons, I would be delighted to help.

📩 Contact me today to arrange a trial lesson.

✨Results-focused Mandarin lessons with a native Taiwanese tutor. 20+ years' experience helping students succeed in GCSE, HSK, and real-life Chinese communication.✨

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Personal Description:
I am a native Chinese. My first language is Mandarin. I graduated with Honours Degree in English. I had been an English Teacher in China for 13 years before I moved to Scotland. I have lived in Scotland for 14 years. I am an experienced language teacher, and I am enthusiastic and friendly. I can tutor pupils of different levels.

Teaching Experience:
I had 13 years of experience of teaching English in an university in China. I also taught Mandarin in a Chinese School in Stow College of Glasgow. I have been a private tutor of Mandarin for over 4 years.

Tutoring Approach:
I can make learning a fun and enjoyable process by using different approaches to suit the varied needs of the learners.

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Personal Description:
I am Pearl and I love teaching Mandarin. My students enjoy my versatile teaching methods too.

I have teaching experience from beginners to GCSE, A level and IB level. My students all got first round very excellent exam results most of them got A grade.

The students enjoy coming to my home to learn and I have lots of visual aids to assist them in learning. I love to teach Chinese culture and share my cooking, calligraphy and chess etc experience with learners too.

Also, I taught in international schools before and as Mandarin teacher and head of Department.

I also taught in Bolton school recently.
I have been an Edexcel examiner too and I am very familiar with the Chinese syllabus and exam contents.

I am capable to deliver Chinese A level exam contents.
I do online teaching only.

Teaching Experience:
I have over twenty years professional teaching experience in Mandarin. I am professionally qualified and I have a Master Degree in Education and PGDE too.

Tutoring Approach:
Interactive, versatile, professional and spiral approach.
Fun, creative, practical and enriching in cultural experience too.

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Personal Description:
I am a native speaker of Mandarin. I am a graduate student who study Radio in University of London. My BA degree is Journalism and I graduated from one of top universities in Mainland China. I am good at Mandarin. I love to talk and communicate.

Teaching Experience:
attend the language exchange group and tech people Mandarin.

Tutoring Approach:
Chinese phonetic alphabet
Chinese characters and pronunciation
useful sentence and dialogue

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Personal Description:
I am an experienced native Chinese speaking, highly capable Chinese language teacher.

Fully qualified and certified to teach Mandarin Chinese as a foreign language and able to teach students of all ages and abilities. Specific deep knowledge and ability in teaching A-Level and GCSE students with proven track record in achieving excellent exam results! References on request.

Teaching Experience:
I have over 20 years experience in teaching Mandarin Chinese as a foreign language. My students are all ages including children and adults learners.

Specific deep knowledge and ability in teaching A-Level and GCSE students with proven track record in achieving excellent exam results! References on request.

Tutoring Approach:
Being a qualified and experienced teacher with graduate degree in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, I have developed strategies to keep my students engaged, focusing on practising both writing and speaking. I set up tasks which are tailored to different students in order for them to achieve their potentials and abilities in language. I am very flexible with my time, students are welcome to ask me questions after lesson hours. I try to make sure that learning experience is enjoyable and rewarding.

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Personal Description:
I am an artist working in my own art studio in Ouseburn, Newcastle. I express my love of culture and diversity through my art and teaching practices. I try to explore a vast range of styles (12 different art styles) to earn a richer understanding of the cultures that they come from. Over three decades, I have made a living creating; a freelance artist and tutor. I have a BA degree in Fine art from Beijing. China and a MA in Art from UK.

Teaching Experience:
I have years of experience teaching art and language for all age groups delivering one-to-one, groups and large events. I also a qualified adults education teacher. I also work with SEN children and adults to improve their wellbeing through art therapy.

Tutoring Approach:
I am friendly, well organized, work on time, motivated teacher. I can be flexible and tailor the lessons suits for your need. I

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Personal Description:
I am a native speaker in Mandarin with a standard accent and I am currently teaching Mandarin in the UK .
I studied Chinese Language and Literature for four years in China.
I graduated in MA Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages.
I have been teaching Chinese to speakers of other language over 6 years.

Teaching Experience:
I have been teaching Chinese to speakers of other language over 6 years in both University and language institute in China
I teach beginners Mandarin and teach learners with higher level purpose .
I also have been teaching and helping students acquire mandarin for travelling, business , daily communicating etc.
I taught different classes . And my students from different age groups from 6 years old kids to 50 plus years old adults.
Generally my students could communicate with native freely during 3 months learning in my classes, and almost all my students could reach the HSK(Chinese proficiency Test) level 2 or level 3 through 6 months learning.
After 6-month teaching in this Institute I assistant teaching supervisor to give training to new Chinese teachers.

Tutoring Approach:
Normally my lessons are tailored to students' interests.I prefer to introduce Chinese culture, history and dialects to students.
Using games to help students memorise characters.
Teaching plan is flexible depending on which level you want to achieve.

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Personal Description:
I graduated from university in China with a major in Journalism. I worked for more than five years at provincial and municipal television stations in China as a presenter, and I obtained certification in the National Putonghua Proficiency Test. In order to further enhance my skills, I pursued a Master's degree in International Business at a university in the UK, which I successfully completed. From the above, it can be seen that my proficiency in Chinese comes from my background in Journalism, while my international perspective is derived from studying International Business at the Master's level.

I am a loving, patient teacher with a strong sense of responsibility and I truly love Chinese language teaching.

Teaching Experience:
I have been teaching Chinese for nearly 10 years, and during this time I also founded my own Chinese school, offering courses from beginner to intermediate and advanced levels. The main exams I prepare students for include YCT1-4, HSK1-6, GCSE Chinese, A-LEVEL Chinese, Business Chinese (from beginner to advanced), and more. My students have achieved outstanding results: a 100% pass rate for YCT1-4 with average scores above 90, GCSE Chinese students scoring 8 A+ or above, National 5 Mandarin students receiving A grades, A-LEVEL Chinese students achieving 8 A+ or above, and a recent student scored 260 out of 300 on the HSK4 Exam.

I can help students of any Chinese proficiency level reach their desired goals. I am a very kind and patient teacher with a high sense of responsibility. With the rapid development of internet technology and to save time and convenience, many students prefer to learn online. Would you like to learn Chinese online? Would you like me to teach you Chinese?

Tutoring Approach:
My Chinese teaching method primarily involves using both English and Chinese simultaneously. For beginner students, English is used more frequently than Chinese. However, as teaching progresses and students' proficiency in Chinese improves, Chinese gradually becomes the dominant language. Of course, the use of both languages varies randomly and is never fixed.

In classroom, I practice different teaching methods e.g. entertaining and interactive lectures and follow through induction, these effectively stimulate students' interest and enthusiasm in learning Chinese.

Furthermore, individualized instruction is the primary teaching method I employ in Chinese language teaching. Different students have different comprehension abilities, which requires teachers to continuously adapt to their students. I am a caring and patient teacher, but I also maintain a certain level of strictness. In my teaching, I promptly provide assistance and corrections tailored to students' specific challenges, allowing them to progress more effectively.

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Personal Description:
I have studied Mandarin Chinese for past four years at university, including one year spent living in Hangzhou, China, and have continued studying in my freetime over the past year since graduating. I have recently decided to continue my education, and have been accepted at SOAS University in London.

Teaching Experience:
During my undergraduate degree I would help classmates to grasp a better understanding of Chinese grammar after class, particularly with features such as BA and BEI structures.

During my year abroad in Hangzhou, China, I briefly tutored children at a school called English Alive, which focused on children from 2-11 years old.

As well as tutoring children, I would often tutor other students who were learning English and Chinese at the same time, and help them with proof reading and spell checking.

At the beginning of 2019 I began tutoring outside of university. One student was a Chinese lady learning English, and the other was an English lady undertaking a Chinese course on the Open University. I can proudly say that both have improved, and on the official course my student earned a 1st.

Tutoring Approach:
My classes will be entirely focused on the needs, goals and capabilities of the student. Before lessons start, I like to correspond with my students to know exactly what they want without using the paid-for lesson time. The main factors I would want to determine would be the number of classes per week, the skillset priorities (speaking and listening, reading and writing, or all equally), and to what level my students would hope to study.

I would provide the textbooks and have plenty of resources to recommend to my students for further study.

My classes are usually an hour long. We tend to start with reviewing the previous lesson's key points and homework, before moving onto vocabulary development, often with flashcards. We then move onto grammar, where two-three grammar points are introduced depending on the level of difficulty. We then review a passage written in Chinese characters, pinyin, and English; any unfamiliar words are highlighted and noted, and the learned grammar points are explained thoroughly in the context of the story/passage. We then practice reading and pronounciation by reading out the passage.
At the end of the lesson we have listening practice in the form of funny, relevant videos spoken in slow, clearly spoken Chinese.

The unfamiliar characters are listed, and given to the student for homework, which is usually something along the lines of "create a sentence using each word. One unfamiliar word per sentence."

Games are included, as are movies, tv shows, cartoons, etc.

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Personal Description:
I am a fully qualified and experienced Mandarin and Spanish teacher, and held the positions of Head of Chinese at both Oakham School and Oundle School. I am bilingual in Spanish, and studied Chinese at University for 4 years, including a year in China.

Languages have always been a passion of mine, and I am eager to help language learners of all abilities. I am friendly and approachable, and realise how difficult Mandarin in particular can be for learners with no Chinese background. I genuinely enjoy finding new ways to help pupils overcome these difficulties, especially with writing and speaking. Spanish has its own challenges, and I am equally passionate about both languages.

Teaching Experience:
I have taught and am familiar with a range of exam boards and syllabuses. At GCSE Level I have taught AQA and EdExcel, and Cambridge IGCSE. I have also taught IB Diploma Level: Spanish Standard and Higher Levels; Mandarin ab initio. I have taught A Level and Cambridge Pre-U in both languages for a number of years. All my pupils have achieved top results.

Tutoring Approach:
I believe that everyone learns differently and I will first spend time getting to know exactly what is needed, and how the individual learns best before coming up with a personalised plan. I believe my strongest ability is an adaptability to meet the varying needs of the pupil as, generally, this is why tuition is being sought beyond the school curriculum.

In terms of academic structure, I would aim to follow a curriculum but have the flexibility to pause where needed. I am a firm believer that confidence is an essential part of learning a language, and I hope to give my pupils the confidence that they need.

Lastly, but equally as important, language learning should be engaging and fun. I strive to keep a healthy balance in this. So often I meet pupils who have initially fallen out of love with a subject and bringing them back on board is essential. Whilst the emphasis is always on academic progress, lessons will always be enjoyable.

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Personal Description:
Hello! I'm Dongni. UK Global Talent Visa holder for children's book authorship and illustration. Award- winning, four-time monograph published, children's picture book author and illustrator.

Teaching Experience:
I taught Chinese for both children and adults in an aritist way.
In the past 5 years:
I ran art workshops in both China and UK.
I designed art course for both adults and children.

Tutoring Approach:
I love helping students to achieve what they want in an relaxing way. So let me know what is your purpose to learn Chinese. I will make a personalized plan for you!
INTO: Art, live music, sport (swimming, Pilates, Yoga, hiking, playing basketball), museum, gallery, cooking, etc
These can be our topics in class.
Bonus:
If you choose me, you will get opportunities to read my books.
If you are into art, after language class, we can sketch together and you will get an extra art tutorial.
If you like cooking, I can share my secret Chinese recipes.

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Personal Description:
Hello, You may call me Gavin. I am from Hong Kong and is now living in the UK. I have expertise in multiple languages and has recently graduated in the London School of Economics and Political Science. I can help with Secondary School level or even University Level history or history learning in general. Feel free to talk to me even if you are not interested in history, I also offer classes in teaching Cantonese, Mandarin, English and Japanese.

Teaching Experience:
I have been teaching private tutoring since my university years. I have experience teaching children ranging from age 8 to 16. I am expert in teaching Secondary School History and languages (Cantonese, Mandarin, English and Japanese)

Tutoring Approach:
Let's make learning fun and exciting together! I'm Gavin, a multilingual tutor with a passion for history. Whether you need help with history or want to learn Cantonese, Mandarin, English, or Japanese, I'm here for you. Let's embark on this educational journey with enthusiasm and joy!

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Personal Description:
I am a former teacher at a GCSE and Sixth Form college in west London. I currently work in the E-learning industry. I also have my own podcast about education, Education Bookcast. I cover a book a week about education research, for the benefit of teachers, parents, and anybody who takes an interest.

I am a Chemical Engineering graduate from Trinity College, Cambridge.

Teaching Experience:
I have worked as a tutor for 7 years in total. My students vary from 11+ to Key stage 3 to GCSE to A-level as well as university level students. I have taught over 70 students one-on-one so far, as well as many more in school and in private courses for examinations such as STEP, usually for several months at a time.

Here are some of the things that my students have said about me:

"Stas is an excellent tutor, I am studying Mechanical Engineering and his knowledge of Maths, Mechanics and Thermo Dynamics is extensive. He explained things in a clear and precise way and was always well prepared for the sessions. He was also punctual and reliable; it was a pleasure to learn from him."
Jack, Liverpool University

"I am currently studying Chemical Engineering, and Stas tutored me for Process Engineering, his teaching was nothing but the best, i understood the course in no time. He explains everything from the basics, something i wanted. Honestly, I will recommend him any day! He is a brilliant tutor."
Zahra, Manchester University

"Stas is an enthusiastic and patient Maths tutor. He has provided me with some very good examples, and has been a great help."
Jim, Manchester Metropolitan University, MA Bioinformatics

"Stas is a great tutor. I feel much more confident with Maths now then I did when we first started. It is evident in my grades that Stas has helped me improve in Maths. He is very good at explaining the material that I don't understand; he uses different scenarios to help explain them which enables me to apply Maths to real life situations. I enjoyed our tuition sessions, as Stas made Maths fun!"
Sehr, Manchester, AS Maths

"My son, Alex was having problem with Biology, so far he had only few lessons with Stas but there's been a huge improvement in his grade already. We have been so impressed with Stas's teaching techniques, that we are taking on extra lessons in Maths and Physics with Stas. Stas is the most genuine teacher I've come across, there is no nonsense with him. I can see that Stas truly enjoys teaching and more importantly my son finds learning from Stas is so enjoyable."
Mel, Cheshire

"Stas has tutored me in Maths, Chemistry and Physics at GCSE level. He is very clear and explains things well. He is also very patient, will listen and when I don't understand will try to explain things in a different way. He has been very supportive throughout my exams and has helped me to feel more confident about them. We went through all of the difficult things I struggled with, so that I had a better understanding of them.
I got A*'s in all the subjects he tutored me. He is helping me with A levels now."
Kaija, London

"This has been our first experience of using a tutor and it has been very good, thanks to Stas. Not only is he very reliable, but my son has enjoyed the sessions and learnt a great deal in terms of problem solving with his maths, Further Maths and Physics. Stas has also been able to help with some more complex Chemistry work. So far, they have worked through the more challenging sections of the Further Maths syllabus and past papers. Most importantly, my son finds their sessions extremely useful and Stas inspirational to work with."
Tamlyn, London

"Stas is extremely easy to get on with, always polite and extremely patient with me.
He maintains a constant positive approach and encourages me dutifully regardless of how badly I perform.
He helps me keep track of how I am improving so that I can watch my progress based on timely reviews of what we have achieved.
Stas is a fantastic guy and a terrific teacher. Based on my experiences I would certainly be able to recommend him to anyone.
Overall Rating (10/10)"
Joe, London

Tutoring Approach:
It is easy to overcomplicate things.

- Anyone can learn anything. It's a matter of method, support, application, and belief.
- Students learn new material at first by seeing a need to learn the new thing (e.g. because they don't know how to solve a new problem), and connecting new information to things they already know.
- They then need to strengthen this understanding by engaging in problems themselves and trying to remember what they have learned.
- Many students need to gain confidence. This partly comes from encouragement, but true confidence comes from progress and success, which comes from following the above.
- Students need guidance. It's challenging enough to try to focus on the material. Teachers need to make sure that all of students' focus is placed on thinking about the content, rather than on sideline issues like trying to figure out what comes next.
- Efficiency is important. Most people have specific targets (e.g. passing an exam). Things need to happen quickly.
- At the same time, early stages sometimes need to take longer in order to build a foundation for what follows. Taking a step back can be important in order to be clear on what's really going on, and avoiding rote memorisation or "going through the motions".

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