South Ockendon German Tutors and South Ockendon German Tuition

Personal Description:
I am an extremely well qualified and experienced teacher of modern languages. I worked in many schools in the UK and for the most part as head of MFL. I also worked in China and Germany teaching English. Since retiring from full time teaching I have been teaching private lessons. I have extensive knowledge of the GCSE and A level courses and I have been very successful with my students. On average their grades have improved by at least two from their mock exams.

Teaching Experience:
I started teaching after leaving university when I went to China and worked for a United Nations Development Project. I then worked for a private language school in Germany. I became a qualified teacher and worked in several schools in Essex. I quickly worked my way up the ranks and became Head of Modern Languages. My last full time position was as Head of MFL at Medina College on the Isle of Wight. Since then I have been successfully teaching private lessons to students aged 5 to adults.

Tutoring Approach:
I use a variety of techniques adapted to my student's needs. I like to make my lessons fun and interactive. I follow the syllabus closely in the case of exam students and make sure that students are confident in all four skills. I elicit information from the students rather than just teach them how something works. By using this method students are more likely to retain the knowledge. I am happy to teach students individually or in pairs or groups.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Recently made the decision to take voluntary redundancy from Volvo Truck and Bus where I had been employed both in accounts and as P A to the MD for 26 years. I wish to concentrate on teaching languages which I enjoy so much.

I have a 21 year-old daughter living at home with me while studying medicine at Glasgow University.

PLEASE NOTE
Due to recent confusion, I wish to clarify that the rates quoted per hour are for tuition in my home in Barrhead. Travel to a student's home and/or additional pupils will incur extra charges.

Teaching Experience:
I have a degree in French and German and have been tutoring both children and adults for many years, although my enthusiasm has never waned.
I attended a TEFL course two years ago and am still improving those skills through an on-line course. I find this very easy and enjoyable as I come from the generation who were thoroughly taught correct English grammar and spelling.

All my pupils who take exams achieve excellent grades and I can supply references to testify to this.
Languages are fun!

Tutoring Approach:
I believe in a thorough method of learning languages - not the 'phrase-book style' fashionable for some years. As much speaking practice as possible is essential.

Having so many years' experience, I have many practice papers and CD's for school exams and excellent courses for adults.

Any parents considering additional help in the lead-up to exams should try to start this as early as possible. I may be expert and dedicated but I don't have a magic wand to work miracles over the last couple of weeks before an exam!

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have over 13 years of experience teaching languages, and hold a PGCE & Master's degree in teaching from the University of Oxford. I have taught French and Spanish to GCSE and A-level, always securing excellent results for my students. Outside of lessons, I keep fully up-to-date with the cultures of the languages I teach through my love of travelling, reading and the cinema. I am also a keen student of Japanese.

Teaching Experience:
I have taught for over 13 years in Good and Outstanding London secondary schools, and also work as an exam board marker, ensuring I am fully up-to-date with all exam specifications at GCSE and A level. I also have experience training teachers at one of the UK's leading universities. I have extensive experience as a tutor delivering online lessons. I am able to offer lessons that cover the following:

- Key Stage 3 French, German & Spanish - to boost progress and lay excellent foundations ahead of a potential GCSE course
- GCSE French, German & Spanish - grammar, vocabulary, translation, speaking and writing strategies, examination skills
- A level French & Spanish - grammar, vocabulary, translation, summary writing, speaking exam preparation, cultural components (i.e. the book and/or the film)
- Adult learners who wish to pick up the language for fun or for specific purposes

Tutoring Approach:
My teaching approach is flexible and always adapted to suit the needs and objectives of my students. Motivation is key, and for this reason I prepare bespoke lessons to engage and interest my students, making use of authentic resources wherever possible. My approach caters for the balanced development of all four skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Born in London, I was educated in the UK and Hong Kong. I currently reside in Oxfordshire with my husband, where we both enjoy the outdoors in the Cotswolds.

Teaching Experience:
I have many years' experience in primary and secondary schools and home education in the UK, Hong Kong and Germany.

I teach in a school in Burford, Oxfordshire, and also provide home tuition to primary and secondary pupils.

Tutoring Approach:
To encourage your child to gain confidence and enjoy learning, I draw on my personal warmth and humour in lessons. I aim to help your child gain good exam results through:

lively engagement with your child's creative intelligence
continuous assessment and feedback of your child's progress
learning using a wide variety of resources

I believe learning comes alive through building on the child's immediate experiences and their curiosity for the world around them.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a flexible and gentle teacher who is willing to go miles (literally) to ensure the success of my students.
Patience is needed to provide a long-term improvement of the student. I am an outgoing person with a sense of humour.

Teaching Experience:
My teaching experience stretches over nine years at different schools in Germany and England. I taught English, Biology, German to various levels. I have a deep insight into the ability of students and can easily identify the weaknesses and strengths of a pupil.

Tutoring Approach:
I don't like to overstretch a student at the beginning. It might cause frustration. Gradually increasing the quality of work is better.
I take care that a student says on task, because sometimes it's just lack of concentration. Music,television or even playing computer games while doing work is a hindrance to success. It is important that a student finds his way to the right result, so that his or her confidence increases.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hello!
I am a 60-year-old woman, native speaker, from Germany. I love the theatre and worked as an actress, author, and director. Furthermore, I also worked as a secretary and was responsible for the complete correspondence. The work with and via the German language is so exciting and leads you to an entirely new world that I would love to share this experience with people who are keen to learn German.
Lessons are available online only.

Teaching Experience:
I am not a teacher in the classic sense but as a native speaker with a lot of experiences in teaching theater items. I am able to help you practicing your new language - no matter if you need it for school, your job or just for fun!

Tutoring Approach:
It is my firm conviction you never learn better, quicker and more sustainable than in simply practicing a language.
Of course, it might be necessary to build a base first - that depends on your individual knowledge.
But no matter if you are a beginner or if you do already speak German - soon we will reach a level where we will talk only in German.
We won't learn vocabularies and grammar stubbornly by the book but we will practice the new language right from the beginning on everyday items.

I am no teacher in the classic sense - but I am a native speaker and I can help you with learning and practicing the German language.

So do not hesitate - just do it!

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a qualified and experienced tutor, based in Loughton and I can tutor in students' homes or online. I really enjoy tutoring as I find that my students make excellent progress which is very rewarding for me, too. Where required, I can provide references from previous students.

Teaching Experience:
I have 25 years' teaching experience (EFL/ESL, German and French) across all levels in colleges, local schools and as a private tutor.

Tutoring Approach:
My greatest strength is my ability to tailor my lessons to match students' exact linguistic needs - whether that means focussing on grammar, speaking ability, exam preparation or a combination of any of these for those who are learning for work and/or leisure purposes.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am an experienced language teacher and native speaker of Arabic and German and teach at school as well as giving private lessons. Teaching at all levels and using a large variety of materials, tailored to students' ages and needs, the emphasis is on enjoying the process of learning the language at the students own pace as well as working towards specific goals where appropriate.

Teaching Experience:
I teach German in school to children aged 6-10 and have given private lessons at all levels and to all ages, children, adolescents and adults, in both German and Arabic, for many years. My background is in interpreting and translation and I moved on to teaching from there. One of my long term Arabic students is now studying Arabic at university level, many of my other students have successfully completed GCSEs and A levels in both languages and/or gone on to use both languages for work or leisure purposes.

Tutoring Approach:
The emphasis is on the enjoyment of the learning process, I adapt the materials used to the individual needs of my students and everything is tailored to those needs. For children the emphasis is on learning through games, play and song, for adolescents and adults games and play may still form a part of the process. Cultural instruction and understanding goes hand in hand with the learning of the language, especially with Arabic as the culture and script are so different and present special challenges. I love my work and I try to convey a love of language to my students too.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hi, I'm Penny and I'm glad you've stopped by!

I'm an encouraging, patient tutor helping unsure or low-confidence learners build skills at a steady pace. My lessons are collaborative, warm, supportive, and low-pressure - ideal if you want reassurance and extra encouragement to cheer you on, and if you value human rapport over fast-paced drills and strict targets.

GCSE:

With my experience as Head of Languages at a secondary school, I'm well-placed to help students with French and German GCSEs, focusing on the essential skills and success criteria - whether you want to grow in confidence or receive clear guidance on working towards higher grades, all without the pressure.

PRIMARY:

I bring learning to life with interactive, hands-on activities, using a fun and dynamic online platform that goes beyond the typical learning tools. With digital infographics, quizzes, games, puzzles, videos, storybooks, and role-play, students have an engaging and immersive learning experience.

ADULTS:

I help learners progress from absolute beginner to intermediate level (CEFR A1-B1). I focus on learners **up to B1**, to gently build confidence with the foundational essentials - whether handling chats in shops, restaurants or at work. B1 is a great milestone and you'll be able to handle most everyday interactions with ease.

I'm best suited to learners who are open to practical, thoughtful ways of learning, using simple strategies and small daily habits to build confidence and overcome anxiety - making language learning efficient and enjoyable for those who appreciate guidance and insight.

---

I offer French, German and Italian lessons, with flexible pricing from £36 to £60 per hour, tailored to suit your needs. 30 and 45-minute lessons also available.

Having also lived in France, Germany and Italy, I bring a global perspective to tailor lessons to different learning styles and cultural contexts. Speaking four languages (French, German, Italian and English) while learning three more (Swedish, Polish and Arabic), I know how rewarding, but scary, language learning can feel. I therefore focus on helping learners feel comfortable and encouraged every step of the way, without the pressure.

With the right support and steady practice, you'll be surprised how quickly you can reach your goals.

Teaching Experience:
EXPERIENCE & QUALIFICATIONS:

- Qualified Modern Languages Teacher & Head of Modern Languages (PGCE secondary French & German)
- 12 years' languages teacher and tutor experience
- GCSE exam preparation for AQA & Edexcel
- BA in European Languages (French, German & Italian)
- TEFL with Distinction
- Fully DBS checked
- Excellent track record - More information can be found on my website

Tutoring Approach:
OUR NEXT STEPS:

Recognising that each learner is unique, we begin with a setup session (20-60 minutes, £20) to discuss your needs. This is an opportunity to see if we're a good fit before moving forward with lessons.


Step 1 - Your Goal Setup Session (20-60 minutes, £20) - Required.


Step 2 - Lessons.

***

For companies seeking staff language training, progress reports are available upon request.

Take the first step and get in touch. I'm excited to help you achieve your language goals :)

---

Some wonderful words from my students and their parents:

"I would wholeheartedly encourage anyone thinking of booking sessions with Penny to do it and do it now! As a trained actor, I came to Penny with a very unique request. Having very little knowledge of speaking German…. within a week we had a monologue translated, memorised and ready to present to an audition panel. Not only did Penny help me reach my goals but she gave me the upmost confidence to get there. I'm certain I would not have got there if it was not for Penny's support and extra efforts to help me achieve them. Not only that, but her teaching has most definitely inspired me to continue with my language learning. I would 100% recommend working with Penny. Don't hesitate - she is one of the best!!" Adult learner.

"Penelope has been very professional, organised and engaging . My son enjoys his lessons and has started to develop interest in German within first few lessons". - Parent of a Year 11 student.

"Miss Penelope is a wonderful teacher. From the very first day she motivated my son to study French more. She is very punctual and professional. Just after one month my son's French has improved significantly. Exactly what I wanted." - Parent of a Year 11 student.

"Penny is an excellent communicator and teacher. She is very supportive and is always enthusiastic. We are very pleased how well she is able to explain aspects of the German language and is always engaging. We are very happy to recommend her." - Parent of a Year 11 student.

"Penelope is a professional German tutor; she tailors the teaching material so that it fits the student's needs. I had German lessons with her for over three months now and I feel my language skills have improved significantly. I also add that She has a nice personality and her classes are really enjoyable. I definitely recommend Penelope to people seeking to improve their language skills in a structured manner!" - Adult learner.

"Lovely tutor. She makes my daughter relax and actually enjoy learning German / French. I highly recommend her." - Parent of a Year 9 student.

Subjects

Personal Description:
My name is David and I am 40 years old. I live in a small village called Slinfold, which is just outside of Horsham. I am a upbeat, positive person, who loves helping people in all aspects of life. My interests outside of languages and teaching include golf, cricket, and snooker. I am a keen baker, but not quite Bake Off standard. I have a little dog called Molly.

Teaching Experience:
I have taught English as a foreign Language in both France and Germany in primary and secondary schools. I have also taught foreign students at English Summer Schools as well. Recently I have started up my own French and German private tuition company and teach students between the ages of 15-70. I have a Degree in French and German from the University of Oxford.

Tutoring Approach:
I am very flexible in my approach tp language learning, offering a bespoke service for the specific needs of each individual student. This includes emphasis on conversational skills, grammar, preparation for exams, or a more general approach for a hobby. I like to make my lessons fun and motivating, and will provide ongoing homework and testing if the student would like to be stretched. Ideally, I like working with students who are equally focused and motivated, as this will ensure the best results.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Bonjour! Buenos días! Bom dia! Дoбрий день!
My name is Natalie. I teach Spanish, French, Latin, German,Ukrainian, Russian and Portuguese!
I have been teaching these languages for 17 years. I have a Master's degree in Linguistics , a Master's degree with honours in Tourism, Hotel and Restaurant Business and a Master's degree in International Law. I also earned diplomas from the Ministry of Education of France : DELF,Spanish diplomas DELE from Cervantes Institute (Madrid), German diploma from Goethe Institute and Japanese - Language Proficiency diploma (Tokyo).
I've worked with French and Spanish delegations of agrarians, and continue to work with professional educators from Minnesota, USA. I also worked as an interpreter at Euro-2012, UEFA Champions League Final and with football clubs. I keep working and interpreting at sports events.
I teach languages from scratch and to a desirable result. I'm very friendly and the atmosphere is always nice during the lesson!
I also help students to prepare for GCSE, IGCSE, IB, DELE, DELF and other exams.. My students successfully pass Spanish French Portuguese GCSEs , IGCSE, IB exams every year
Online tuition allows my clients to enjoy high quality lessons, learn foreign languages without leaving home and at a comfortable time. We can have a trial lesson and you will see how it works. if you have any questions,
Individual classes via Zoom/Skype!, material provided!
Teacher Natalie

Teaching Experience:
I have got three University degrees + interlational language diplomas
I help students to prepare for GCSE DELE, DELF, GCSE ,JLPT and other exams. We practise speaking, reading and writing with my students.I have been teaching these languages for 17years. I teach from 0 level and to a desirable result.

Tutoring Approach:
I am an enthusiastic tutor who can make learning fun and relevant. I aim to make ideas clear to the student, in order that they can use them fluidly and flexibly, and to encourage genuine understanding. I enjoy teaching and believe learning starts with the learner, adapting ideas and course content to meet their interests and needs.
I am experienced both with teaching children and adults for business, pleasure or exams. I prepare students for their GCSE/iGCSE, leading them to enter leading prep schools and universities
Last year, for example, my students gained their highest A-level mark in Spanish and French, some of my students got their international language diplomas and went to study and work abroad.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a proficient and fully-qualified German teacher, with experience of teaching at all levels, from beginners to highly advanced learners. Over many years, I have taught German to a diverse range of students, and in many different environments, from large classes to individual tutoring. I have an MA in German linguistics and more recently I have completed post-graduate studies in the theory of teaching foreign languages.

I am able to prepare students for GCSE and A Level exams, and can also teach beginners with no prior knowledge of German. My lessons are customised and personalised to my students' requirements. An individual approach enables me to work out with each student the best method for them.

Teaching Experience:
QTS obtained in the UK
Professional qualifications from abroad (EU)
Experience in private tutoring (German - all levels)
Experience in group tutoring (German for companies)
Experience in Grammar School in the UK (German GCSE, German A-level) - perfect knowledge of the new exam specifications for all levels
Experience in Primary School in the UK (German)
Co-author of the new Polish GCSE Textbook
DBS

Tutoring Approach:
I take a creative approach in my teaching, and am always searching for new ideas to improve the learning environment for my pupils. I have found that my background in German and Polish philology have complemented each other greatly and have given me valuable insights into the structure and relationships of different languages.

If you prefer to learn from home I may be able to come to your place and I offer flexibility in terms of fitting in with your schedule.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Native German DBS checked tutor and qualified teacher working at an Independent School at KS3, GCSE and A-level. Conversation classes, grammar and exam preparation including MLAT.

I teach German as a foreign language but also to semi native German learners, who would like to prepare for GCSE or A-level exams.

All lessons are tailored to suit student's preferences, ability and needs.
I have some daytime availability, evenings and limited weekends. Please check directly, as availability changes frequently when students finish their exams.
I mainly teach online using Teams or you are welcome to have your lesson at my home in Kingston. (Please note that I have a small friendly dog.)

From experience the greatest learning loss occurs during the school holidays and I therefore now also offer "Ferien auf Deutsch" to stop your learned knowledge from going missing. It is proven that by September a student's ability is lower than it was in July. "Ferien auf Deutsch" can prevent that. These are intensive courses offered during the school holidays.

About me:
I was brought up and schooled in Berlin and came to the UK on a scholarship 30 years ago. I know what it is like to grapple with a foreign language and I also know how to succeed. My teaching style is interactive, immersive, fun and relevant.

Teaching Experience:
During the day I teach at a private secondary school in Kingston. In the evenings I tutor beginners, KS3, GCSE and A-level German.

Tutoring Approach:
I will ask you to complete an assessment prior to your first lesson and will design a tailored scheme or work, so you can achieve your personal goals.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have been tutoring on a full-time basis for over 20 years, including teaching abroad as part of my degree at Cambridge University. Over this time, I have taught pupils across the whole range of ages and abilities. I offer professional, qualified, friendly tuition in English, maths and foreign languages, always tailored to meet each individual student's needs. Travelling is not a problem, and is included within the fee quoted.

Teaching Experience:
Please see above

Tutoring Approach:
Please see above

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have been teaching French and German for the past 30 years.
I retired from classroom teaching in July 2022, in order to focus on offering private tuition.
The bulk of my private tuition is French and German GCSE. However, I am also delivering German IB (diploma) and A level, as well as English as a second language.
I also have some adult learners as well as children from age 6-10.

Teaching Experience:
I have many years of teaching French and German at all levels but mainly secondary school.
I have worked for 27 years in two London comprehensives.
My results have always been excellent.
I have outstanding subject knowledge and am familiar with the main exam boards.
I also have access to all relevant materials.
I am currently working part time in a local secondary school teaching French and German A level.
My current tuition timetable includes:
French GCSE (AQA, Edexcel and Edexcel IGCSE)
German GCSE (AQA, Edexcel and Cambridge IGCSE)
German A level (AQA and Edexcel)
German adult learners - beginners.
English as a second language - IGCSE, IELTS
Beginner's German to adult learners as well as children aged 6-11

I have students attending UK top grammar and independent schools, as well as state comprehensives. I have experience in stretching and challenging the most able as well as helping students gain an acceptable pass in what is sometimes their weakest subject.
In the last two years, those of my tutees taking higher GCSE, have all gained grades 7-9 and those taking foundation, a grade 5.
All of this information can be verified on request.
I also have a number of adult learners for beginner's German. This has been very successful. Current students can provide testimonials if required.

Tutoring Approach:
I have done a lot of private tutoring, mainly GCSE but also some A level and adult learners.
I am a calm and patient teacher and know how to get the best out of my students.
Each lesson is tailor made to suit the needs of the individual.
I pride myself on being flexible and as a parent myself, understand that unforeseen circumstances can crop up. Therefore, I do not charge for late cancellations.

Recent, verifiable testimonials (updated August 2023, following GCSE results)

Alison was a great tutor. She is very easy to understand and made french as a subject a lot more simple for my son to understand. My son was originally getting 3s and 2s in his mocks, but she was able to assist him in getting a good result in the GCSE. I can't thank her enough for the help. She's a great tutor.
I would like to recommend her to everyone.

Allison has tutored my son for the past 2 years and I was delighted that he got a 9 for his GCSE German exam this year. My son took his GCSE exam early at the end of year 9 and his grade is a true reflection of what an exceptional tutor Allison is. Allison has been a truly amazing tutor and my son has thoroughly enjoyed his lessons with her. He will continue his tutoring with Allison as he has now opted to take A/S Level German next year. I highly recommend Allison if your child needs tuition for German.


Allison has been tutoring our daughter in French for the last few weeks, to help her prepare for GCSE's.
I cannot recommend Allison highly enough. She is easy to contact and on time to every lesson. My daughter was initially sceptical about having a tutor, but from the first lesson she soon saw the benefits. Allison is very personable and gave me feedback on what our daughter should be focusing on and how she has improved. Allison has great knowledge of the school syllabus and gave my daughter key areas to focus on outside of the lessons. I would like to thank Allison for giving our daughter more confidence in what used to be one of her weaker subjects

Allison provided tutoring for our daughter ahead of her GCSE in German. She knows the syllabus extremely well and identified the main areas on which to focus. She was very flexible on when she could come to our house and helped our daughter get the most out of each hour of tutoring. The overall impact was very positive with our daughter getting a 9 in her GCSE. I can thoroughly recommend Allison to anyone looking for help in either German or French.

We had Allison for about a year, and my son continues enjoying the lessons. Allison is very reliable, personable and flexible. She understands the help and support that is required for my son and applies her skills and knowledge to help. Her calm manner and being very accommodating are helpful add-ons to the help we get from her.

I was so busy to let you know how impressed my boys are of both of you. Because of you and his German teacher now, D. studies German with pleasure.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am an extremely well qualified and experienced teacher of modern languages. I worked in many schools in the UK and for the most part as head of MFL. I also worked in China and Germany teaching English. Since retiring from full time teaching I have been teaching private lessons. I have extensive knowledge of the GCSE and A level courses and I have been very successful with my students. On average their grades have improved by at least two from their mock exams.

Teaching Experience:
I started teaching after leaving university when I went to China and worked for a United Nations Development Project. I then worked for a private language school in Germany. I became a qualified teacher and worked in several schools in Essex. I quickly worked my way up the ranks and became Head of Modern Languages. My last full time position was as Head of MFL at Medina College on the Isle of Wight. Since then I have been successfully teaching private lessons to students aged 5 to adults.

Tutoring Approach:
I use a variety of techniques adapted to my student's needs. I like to make my lessons fun and interactive. I follow the syllabus closely in the case of exam students and make sure that students are confident in all four skills. I elicit information from the students rather than just teach them how something works. By using this method students are more likely to retain the knowledge. I am happy to teach students individually or in pairs or groups.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a native German speaker and I am passionate about teaching and I love people. I have a PhD in protein chemistry.

Teaching Experience:
I am teaching since 2012 and I have taught 31 private students so far. I have taught 17 Science GCSE and A-level classes in schools and Colleges. I also have taught 23 German, French and Italian evening classes.

Tutoring Approach:
My approach is student and needs centred.
My language lessons can focus on speaking and listening, essential grammar and writing sentences and essays.
In science lessons all weaknesses can be discussed, school homework and exam paper questions.
A typical lesson with me is one hour per week with one additional hour of homework for the following lesson, however this is entirely up to the student.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I've been working in Education for 16 years as a teacher, tutor, and Educational Psychologist. I started as a teacher of Modern Foreign Languages and I particularly enjoy learning about other cultures - I believe this brings language to life. I have spent time living in Germany and France and continue to have friendships with native speakers to keep up my language skills. I then trained, and now practice, as an Educational Psychologist. Through my experiences I have become highly skilled working with people with a wide range of needs in a learning environment. I also have an excellent understanding of how the process of learning "works" and how to use this knowledge practically to support your learning.

Teaching Experience:
I have taught French and German in mainstream secondary schools where I prepared students for GCSE, AS and A2-Level exams in both subjects (AQA board). Between 96% and 100% of students achieved a grade C/4. I also have experience teaching children with a wide range of additional needs. I taught in specialist schools for children with moderate, severe, and profound learning difficulties (a range of subjects in Key Stages 1 to 5) and specialist settings for children with social and emotional difficulties (a range of subjects in Key Stages 2 and 4). I have previously tutored French and German to children as young as 5, through to adult learners. This was delivered in a 1:1 or 2:1 setting.

Tutoring Approach:
When I tutor my priority is to make sure that you enjoy learning and grow in confidence in the subject. I would describe myself as patient, a clear communicator, and personable. All programmes of learning are personalised to your learning needs as well as the specific things you may want to achieve from tuition. I aim to make my lessons as creative and fun as possible.

Subjects