Ashby de la Zouch English Tutors and Ashby de la Zouch English Tuition

Personal Description:
Recently retired. Able to work away from home and willing to travel but charge £1 per mile to cover car expenses and time travelling. You can come to me. Married with son and grandchildren.

Teaching Experience:
35 years' teaching in junior and secondary schools. Head of English, Schools' Inspector and consultant. Dip. Sp.L.D. qualification. Recently, eight years' tutoring.

Tutoring Approach:
One-to-one, perhaps in your house. friendly, individual, personalised service, according to need and based on assessment and pupil or parent wishes. Normally one hour per week. Preferably for a year, at least, to achieve best results.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hi! I love working with young people and helping them to unlock their potential. I have an English Language and Literature BA from Oxford University. In my spare time, I love reading books, watching films and travelling. As well as being a tutor, I am a copy editor for UNICEF.

My previous experience includes working with KS3 pupils (Years 7-9), supporting Year 10 and 11 pupils through their English Language and Literature GCSE syllabus, helping A level students, and working with BA and MA students to fine tune their essays and dissertations. I have worked with students in mainstream education and those being home educated. I have an up-to-date DBS check and am available immediately. I offer online or face-to-face tuition.

Teaching Experience:
2024
Teaching assistant (SEN support)
Durrington High School

2020-2022
Online tutor, as part of the National Tutoring Programme (a government catch up scheme for students most affected by the pandemic)

2010
GCSE English tutor, Durrington High School
I was employed through the Aim Higher scheme to work with small groups of Year 11 students, helping them to secure a C grade in their AQA English Language GCSE.

January 2007 - present
Private tutor
I have worked with students ranging from Year 7 to degree level, helping them to pass exams and develop their skills.

January - December 2005
Academic Coach
The role involved working closely with targeted students on a one-to-one or small group basis, developing and delivering innovative study sessions designed to overcome barriers to learning and assist underachievers in fulfilling their potential. My specific academic focus was within the English Language and Literature GCSE syllabus.

February - August 2004
Project Officer for Oxford Colleges Admissions Office
Employed by Oxford University, I took on a six-month post as Project Officer for the Oxford-Dudley Partnership Project, a scheme which aimed to work with the Year 9 Gifted and Talented cohort of all schools in Dudley LEA in order to raise aspirations.
I also organized and ran a programme of 'Aspiration Days' for Year 8-11 pupils from schools across the country, aimed at encouraging applications from students from state school and/or underprivileged backgrounds, as well as speaking with Year 12 students interested in applying to university, providing specific information and advice regarding applications.

September 2002 - June 2003
Learning Mentor
Whilst still an undergraduate, as part of the National Mentoring Pilot Project (NMPP), I was a mentor to four Year 8 pupils, providing support and encouragement in an environment removed from the classroom. This took place in weekly one-hour sessions with the individual student for an entire academic year, charting their progress in terms of behaviour, confidence and attitude.

Tutoring Approach:
I am friendly, patient and passionate about my subject. I am sensitive to the needs of others and strive to tailor sessions to suit the needs of the tutee. I am relaxed and enthusiastic when tutoring and aim to build confidence as well as increase knowledge and understanding.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am an Italian citizen living in London since 1996 ; I came to London as a research student, sent by Rome University, to study and work for Westminster University.

Teaching Experience:
I have been a tutor for 24 years (I still teach Spanish/Italian to private students. I was a teacher in Italy (Spanish/English) and a bilingual assistant from 1996 to present in London (Pimlico School/North Westminster/Churchill Gardens/St. Vincent de Pau); I have a PGCE in MFL (Spanish/Italian/French) KS 3 and 4 and a Master in translation (English vs Italian and vice versa).

Tutoring Approach:
I do see each student/pupil as an individual and while teaching/tutoring I take into account their personality/skills/interests as well as age/sex/religion.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am 45 years old and hold a Masters degree from Oxford University. I work full time as a tutor, now offering lessons online and face-to-face.

Teaching Experience:
I have been tutoring on a one-to-one basis for over 20 years. I also sometimes teach small classes. I am happy teaching children, teenagers, university students and adult learners.

Tutoring Approach:
My teaching uses traditional methods and lively interaction. I expect the student to complete tasks between lessons. Without repetition and revision no-one can be expected to remember. Therefore, I am not afraid to go over the most basic elements until they are well known. Solid foundations are the basis for confidence.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am married and have two children in their twenties, both in Higher Education. I am a qualified teacher, hold an Enhanced DBS Certificate and am up to date with current safeguarding training.
I love music, cinema and theatre and have spent part of my working life in professional theatre and television both as a performer and in production. I am widely travelled and well-read.

Teaching Experience:
I am an experienced teacher, having worked in Somerset as both a full-time KeyStage 2 class teacher (including 4 years of SATs experience) and as a Supply Teacher. I also taught pupils on the One to One Programme. My Level 5 (TQUK) Qualification in Teaching English as a Foreign Language is a useful skillset to draw upon when teaching English to SATs level pupils.

Tutoring Approach:
Often the barrier to learning is a lack of confidence and self-esteem. It's also important to be clear about what is being learned and why, what's expected of the pupil and how success can be achieved and celebrated. Above all it must be fun!
My tutoring is personalised to the individual. A positive approach, balancing the correct level of challenge with a clear set of achievable next steps should motivate a learner, create a sense of progress and should foster the desire to continue to want to learn. Be positive, Build confidence, Enjoy challenge, Celebrate Success.

Subjects

Personal Description:
QTS
I am a qualified teacher with over 22 years teaching experience. Initially this was KS2 focused teaching the full curriculum on an employed basis in school. In the last 12 years I have concentrated on tutoring Maths and English KS2, and KS3 - KS5 Maths including Entry Level 3 Maths, Functional Skills Level 1 and 2 Maths and GCSE Foundation Level Maths up to and including Grade 5.

Private Tuition 15+ years
Tutoring pupils after school in their own home in Maths and English (KS2), Verbal and Non Verbal Reasoning in preparation for the 11+ exam and GCSE Foundation Level Maths.

Tutoring in School
After leaving full time teaching, I have worked in quite a number of different Primary Schools tutoring pupils who have fallen behind with their Maths or English studies. This has been both on a 121 basis as well as tutoring small groups of pupils.
A recent block of work in school involved working four days per week at a local Primary School in Crawley from January to the end of May. Not only did I work with pupils on a 121 basis but also in a small group setting assisting them with Maths and English, I also took a large group of pupils from Year 6 every morning to help prepare them for their SATS papers. During this time, I worked with pupils from each of the eight classes within the KS2 section of the school preparing all of my own lessons based on the work each teacher asked me to focus on with the pupils.

Since March 2026 I have worked in a local secondary school in Horsham tutoring Year 11 pupils on the spectrum for autism for Entry Level 3 Maths, Functional Skills Level 1 and 2 Maths and GCSE Foundation Maths up to and including Grade 5. All of this work has been in preparation towards their exams.
Due to the work completed in the school since March, I have been asked to continue tutoring Maths in the school in September with Year 11 pupils tutoring three sessions per week on a 1:1 basis.

Working with pupils who are not in school
During the last 12 years I have also worked with pupils who for a variety of reasons, are not in full time education. This has been anything from two to three hours per day varying between one day per week to four days per week. Although the age of the pupils has been between 7 to 16 years, they have all been within the KS2 bracket of learning for Maths and English. This work has normally taken place at the pupils care home, in their foster parents home or occasionally, in their own home.

Present Private Tutoring Work
I have just finished working with a Year 4 pupil tutoring him 1 hour per week for Maths and tutoring a Year 6 pupil in Maths for two hours per week. As well as the work with Year 11 pupils in school I am also presently working with a 14 year old pupil assisting him with maths and English at KS2 level. In addition I am working with a year 11 pupil assisting her with Foundation Level GCSE maths.

Teaching Experience:
Over 15 years private tutoring experience tutoring pupils of a wide range of ability in their own homes after school. This has included assisting children both with their Maths and English KS2.
I also tutor FSKL 1 and 2 Maths as well as Maths GCSE Foundation Level for Years 7 - 11.

Tutoring Approach:
My tutoring style is to concentrate on building pupils confidence through use of encouragement and praise. During the initial lessons my intention is to quickly discover gaps in the pupils understanding as well as gaining insight into the most appropriate teaching methods that are likely to be effective. With this understanding I build an appropriate programme of work in order to deal with the gaps and the weak areas of understanding.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a professionally trained actor. I have written for numerous publications, with stories and poems published regularly. I am confident with public speaking, since I have been performing in diverse venues for nearly 10 years. I have an MA in Acting and an MA in Theatre & Performance Studies. I have professional training in elocution, pronunciation as well as accent and dialect work.

I am a keen footballer, and believe in the importance of keeping fit and eating healthily. I also love travel, gardening, fixing computers and watching and critiquing films and theatre.

Teaching Experience:
I have been working as a private Tutor since 2007, and am a member of a number of private tutoring companies. I have tutored in English Language, English Literature, Speech, Drama, Acting, Philosophy, Entrance Exams, and most primary subjects. I have tutored Students from all ages and abilities; including adults and teenagers, as well as younger pupils, and pupils with learning difficulties

From Aug 2009 to May 2010 I was a Learning Support Assistant, DeBeauvoir School, Hackney, London.

Main duties included ensuring that students with learning difficulties are both kept up to speed with the general classroom environment, and that this does not disrupt the other students.

Other duties include:
- To provide full time academic and pastoral support to individual learners with learning difficulties, and/or behavioural and social problems.
- To provide academic and pastoral support to all other learners when required.
- To encourage learners to pursue further academic or vocational education.
- To provide behavioural support in class and to teaching staff at all times.

July 2009 - August 2009 I was SEN Assistant at Kentish Town CE School, London

Main duties include ensuring that students with physical and/or cognitive complications are given the extra support they require within the general classroom environment, and that this does not disrupt the other students.

Jan 2009 - June 2009 I was a Cover Supervisor, Neat Education & Select Education, Sheffield

Responsibilities are that of a Supply Teacher, being responsible for the learning and conduct of a whole class of students. Maintaining discipline and focus as well as being at all times a strong leader and role model were essential at all times.

Other duties include:
- Academic and pastoral support to all other learners when required.
- Monitoring attendance of learners and set appropriate targets.
- Invigilating examinations and mark work.

Tutoring Approach:
I believe that Tutoring is first about personal connection. Any learning can only be achieved given a certain level of trust, which must be established in order to create a solid platform from which further learning can then flourish. Younger students are most open to absorbing information and should have the chance to take academic information and guidance from a range of people. This enhances the educational experiences and broadens the horizons of a student.

Having myself struggled with poor teachers, or unwieldy subject matter, I know that, with the right teachers, such areas can come alive. More clinical approaches to tutoring further separate students from the learning process. Having experienced one-to-one tuition myself, I have seen the many positives and potential pitfalls the system can bring. These experiences galvanize me and help me in my own tutoring. I relish taking what I have learnt, and the exciting methods by which I have learnt it, and passing that on to other students.

Regardless of the level taught, it is impossible to make real progress unless the student first has engagement and interest in the subject. I see my task as tutor as a process of invigorating the material for those studying.

Subjects

Personal Description:
- I am currently working as a full time tutor after completing my Masters Degree in Social Policy at LSE. Before this, I was studying a BA in History at UCL. I am absolutely passionate about education and helping students to achieve their full potential. I take a personalised approach that caters directly to the individual. I have been tutoring for 5 years.

Teaching Experience:
- I have held various posts at my school like History Buddy, Maths Support Club. Through doing this I feel I have gained a sense of nurturing and helping people, which I feel would be beneficial in a tuition role.

Tutoring Approach:
First and foremost I hope to instil an appreciation of the subject in the student. I am able to explore the syllabus in a fun way. This can be particularly important if they have had a negative experience thus far with their own teachers. I feel able to relate to students as I have in all likelihood recently experienced similar problems myself and could thus be more accessible than a parent or teacher.
I am able to provide an interesting, insightful and dynamic way of learning.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have a BA in English Linguistics from the University of Malaga (Spain) and I am a fully qualified teacher based in a comprehensive secondary school, specialised in Spanish and French. I am very enthusiastic, friendly and approachable teacher with a fascination for Spain and the Spanish speaking world, along with other countries and languages particularly French and German. I am a native Spanish speaker. In my spare time I enjoy outdoor sports like running and walking and playing with my own children in the park.

Teaching Experience:
I'm a fully qualified teacher. I have been teaching for fourteen years in a comprehensive secondary school in England. I am currently teaching Spanish from year 7 to A level (KS3, KS4 and KS5), French from year 7 to GCSE (KS3 and KS4) and English from year 7 to GCSE. I am also an AQA and Edexcel GCSE examiner for the Spanish component but I am also very familiar with most of the exam board (AQA, Edexcel, WJEC and OCR). I have also taught IB for two years. I have conducted speaking exams and moderated written assessment for GCSE, IGCSE and A level. Therefore I have great experience with exams boards/specification.

Tutoring Approach:
I'm a very patient person and ready to help to build up student's confidence. My lessons are always planned to meet my students' needs. I always include the four skills ( listening, speaking, reading and writing) in all my lessons. I believe that practising exam techniques are the keys to achieve the best results in your exams.
For GCSE Spanish and French I focus on speaking exam practice ( role-play, picture-based and conversation questions) and writing exam practice focus on key phrases/ sophisticated vocabulary to excel the 90 and 150 words tasks.
For A level Spanish students, learn to read and analyse a literary text/film in Spanish which is challenging and rewarding. I help them get to grips with the set works and to refine their essay-writing skills for Paper 2. Loads of essay writing practice are essential part of my teaching session.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am friendly, enthusiastic, patient and flexible. I am also hard-working and extremely reliable.
I enjoy working with children and adults alike!

Teaching Experience:
I am a qualified Primary School Teacher with over 10 years experience (both KS1 and KS2).
I can provide tuition/ support/ exam preparation in any primary subjects. Having a degree in English and having been Maths coordinator for a number of years, I can provide high quality tutoring in these two subjects. I am also able to provide tuition in primary Science and any other areas your child may need help with.

In addition, as a native speaker of French, I can offer language lessons tailored to any level, whether you prefer informal conversation classes or more structured sessions to practise a range of skills.

Tutoring Approach:
I believe it is essential for any learner to feel relaxed and motivated and I work hard to stimulate and inspire my students. I am particularly aware of the difficulties encountered by children with special educational needs. Whoever the student is, I am always keen to obtain feedback and suggestions on how to make the sessions more suited to their needs.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Susannah is a Master's graduate from Trinity Laban Conservatoire, London, where she was supported by the Dame Felicity Lott Bursary and The Seary Trust.

Susannah is a member of the Aureus Trio, exploring works for flute, cello and piano.

Whilst at Trinity, Susannah was chosen to participate in the conservatoire's side-by-side orchestral project scheme, performing alongside professional flautists from the Philharmonia Orchestra and Welsh National Opera Orchestra. With numerous ensembles, Susannah has played at Blackheath Halls, St. James Piccadilly, Institute of Contemporary Arts and St John's Smith Square, among other venues.

Susannah is a keen chamber musician, and has played with a wide variety of instrumentalists and singers, and has participated in the British Isles Music Festival for several years.

Susannah is pursuing a freelance performing career; working with various ensembles as well as playing in chamber music recitals. A 2019 highlight was performing as the Aureus Trio on a cruise around the Indian Ocean.

Teaching Experience:
Flute and Music Theory: I have over 4 years of teaching experience. I have taught absolute beginners up to Grade 8 flute and advanced. I teach up to Grade 5 theory. I have a 100% pass rate for my students' exams- many usually achieving merit or distinction. I can teach both ABRSM and Trinity College London exam boards

Having studied music up to Masters level, I can also prepare students for their GCSE and/or A-level courses: both performance elements and written exams.

Tutoring Approach:
I'm a friendly and supportive teacher. I give lots of time to each of my students.

I can be flexible with lesson times.

I want my students to play the best they can by encouragement, and I do not put undue pressure on them.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a Common Entrance tutor specialising in the 7/8/11/13+ exams in all subjects.

Teaching Experience:
I have over 20 years tutoring experience.

Tutoring Approach:
Patient, firm and thorough.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am an English native speaker and I have a degree in French and English, a Masters degree and a PhD. I have taught in primary and secondary schools and I am now a university professor specializing in teaching the French language, literature and culture.

I offer in-person or online 1-1 tuition in English and French for primary and secondary, including 11+, GCSE and A level for AQA and Edexcel.

I also offer tutoring for learners of English as a second language, native speakers who need additional support for school, and adult learners.

I offer primary Maths tuition to support children to be confident in their Maths skills and find enjoyment in the subject.

"Charlotte has been a fantastic tutor for our son. He has gained a lot of confidence, consolidating his knowledge and understanding. Charlotte has helped him moving from someone who hasn't particularly enjoyed French and had grade 6-7 in that subject to someone who eventually achieved a grade 9 (dropping only 11 points out of 280) in his French GCSE and became really enthusiastic in learning the language. We fully recommend Charlotte and will always value her contribution".

"Thank you for being such an inspiring English tutor and keeping me focused and on task for my GCSE. I always felt I could ask if I didn't understand and your explanations and examples were brilliant!".

Teaching Experience:
I have been a language tutor for 20 years and I have experience of teaching French and English to people of all ages and abilities.

I have taught in schools, tutored primary English and Maths, and French for GCSE and A level. I teach French at university level, and I have taught adult learners at all levels for different purposes.

I tailor content and materials to students' needs.

References can be provided from current and past students.

Tutoring Approach:
I am friendly, patient and encouraging. I tailor my tuition to the needs of each individual student and provide regular progress updates.

I teach from my home in Forton, Lancashire or I may be able to travel to you.

I am also available to teach online on Zoom or Teams.

Subjects

Personal Description:
A highly enthusiastic, dedicated, and accomplished teacher with 22 years of experience in secondary education, specialising in Modern Foreign Languages, including German, French, and Spanish. Having a Master's degree and already holding a Postgraduate Diploma in Education, I combine strong academic credentials with extensive classroom expertise.

Throughout my career, I have consistently secured positive outcomes for students by building strong relationships, fostering mutual respect, and creating engaging learning environments that inspire confidence and achievement. Passionate about language learning and committed to delivering outstanding German teaching, I strive to ensure that every student reaches their full potential.

With a proven track record of collaboration, professionalism, and high expectations, I am now seeking a new opportunity where I can contribute my skills, experience, and enthusiasm, and quickly become a valued member of a successful teaching team.

Teaching Experience:
With 22 years of teaching experience, I have developed a highly adaptable and student-centred approach that recognises and responds to the unique needs, strengths, and learning styles of each individual. I am committed to creating an inclusive and supportive learning environment where all students feel valued, challenged, and empowered to achieve their full potential. By tailoring teaching strategies and providing personalised support, I consistently promote engagement, confidence, and academic success.

Tutoring Approach:
As a teacher, I adopt a constructivist approach to learning, designing and adapting lessons to meet the diverse needs, abilities, and interests of my students. I encourage learners to actively engage with new knowledge, think critically, and take ownership of their learning journey. By fostering independence, resilience, and self-reflection, I create an environment in which students develop the confidence and skills required for long-term success. This personalised and student-centred approach has consistently resulted in high levels of engagement, strong academic progress, and excellent examination outcomes.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I knew early on, that I wanted to teach.

I have committed the last twenty years of my life to education working as a private teacher in a variety of schools and colleges - teaching an eclectic range of pupils; from special needs students to scholars to adults. I am particularly committed to building confidence and skills in pupils whom may not feel they fit the typical mould.
I am humbled and honoured to be listed as a "distinguished former pupil" of Carlos Bonell, Senior at The Royal College Of Music

Teaching Experience:
I'm current a Licensed teacher with Bexley Music Service and have taught at a variety of schools over a period of twenty years including; Eltham College, Bexley Grammar School and a variety of secondary and primary schools.

Tutoring Approach:
Lessons are relaxed, good humoured, but also highly informative with attention to detail, with each pupil's specific needs catered for.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have a PhD in Philosophy from the University of Cambridge and I've taught students all the way from university to primary school in a number of subject areas. I also have an MPhil in Philosophy from Cambridge and a BA (Philosophy) /BSc (Biology) from the University of Auckland.

At the moment, my main areas of expertise are philosophy/critical thinking and sociology but I've previously privately tutored students in biology, maths, psychology and english for many years.

I was born in Sri Lanka but I grew up in Australia and New Zealand. I moved to the UK, to do postgraduate study and can't seem to leave :)

Teaching Experience:
University Teaching:
Lectures: Introductory Lecture on Buddhist Account of Personal Identity (Oct 2018), Environmental Ethics and Future
Generations (Lent Term 2021)

Supervisions (2018 - Current), Cambridge University supervisions, both group and individual, for papers in the faculties
of Philosophy (Formal Methods, Set Texts, Political Philosophy), History and Philosophy of Science (General Philosophy
of Science, Philosophy of Psychiatry), Medicine (Social and Ethical Context of Health and Illness) and Sociology (Health,
Medicine and Society).

Kings College London (Sep 2019 - Dec 2019): Introduction to Ethics.

Auckland University (2012-2013): Critical Thinking, Introduction to Metaphysics, Theories of Human Nature and Introduction to Political Philosophy, Philosophy of Logic.

I've also been a tutor from 2009 -- 2018, both privately and working for Tutoring Australasia. During this period I taught, philosophy, english, maths and psychology.

Tutoring Approach:
I specialise in teaching students to do just that little bit better in exams and in fundamental skills that will be useful to them throughout their education, such as writing clearly and engagingly.

Learning should also be fun and tailored to the student; ideas don't really come alive unless they feel relevant. So even my university teaching uses sources that are accessible and interesting to the student, like podcasts and youtube videos.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have over 30 years experience as a teacher and examiner. I work with students to identify what they are challenged by and will tailor my tutoring to address a student's needs. I provide feedback on progress and plan follow up lessons to address issues students have and help them action improvements to make progress. I have an excellent track record of helping students to make exceptional progress and achieve excellent examination results.

Teaching Experience:
I have 32 years of teaching experience, teaching KS3 English, Geography, Economics and Business Studies, as well as Business Studies, Economics and Geography at A Level.

Tutoring Approach:
I have a student centred approach to tutoring and tailor all lessons to student needs, to ensure they make maximum progress. As an experienced examiner for several exam boards I can provide students with invaluable examination practice.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a fully qualified Secondary English Teacher with many years' experience tutoring within the Scottish Education System. I specialise exclusively in one-to-one tuition, providing personalised, focused support tailored to each learner's individual strengths, challenges, and learning style.

I believe that effective learning happens within a supportive and encouraging environment where students feel understood, challenged, and empowered to succeed. My long-standing experience enables me to quickly identify gaps, build confidence, and provide proven strategies that lead to measurable academic progress.

Teaching Experience:
My expertise spans National 4, National 5, Higher, and Advanced Higher English, with particular focus on targeted exam preparation. I specialise in RUAE (Reading for Understanding, Analysis and Evaluation), Critical Essays, and Textual Analysis, concentrating on technique, timing, structure, and sustained grade improvement. Through strategic preparation and clear, practical methodologies, I help students approach exams with confidence and clarity.

With a strong track record of raising attainment, I work carefully with students to refine analytical skills, strengthen written expression, and master the demands of SQA marking criteria. Lessons are structured, purposeful, and responsive - always designed to maximise both understanding and performance under exam conditions.

My background in creative writing and theatre brings energy, depth, and imagination to my teaching. This creative foundation enhances students' engagement with literature while supporting the development of compelling, precise, and technically secure writing.

Testimonial:
'Our daughter was sitting her Higher English and was lacking some direction and confidence. We managed to arrange weekly tuition with Karen for the six weeks leading up to the exam. Our daughter really benefited from the extra help and felt much more confident going into the exam. She was delighted to achieve a B. Karen was reliable throughout and made our daughter feel completely at ease. Highly recommended.' Mhairi.

Tutoring Approach:
My approach is patient, encouraging, and tailored to the individual. One-to-one tutoring allows me to adapt to each student's pace, strengths, and needs in a way that classroom teaching cannot. I provide clear structure and strategy behind the scenes, while ensuring sessions feel supportive, focused, and confidence-building.

I've worked with a wide range of learners: high-achieving students who want precision and analytical rigour; able literature students eager to delve deeper than the classroom allows; and those who see English as simply something to "get through." Whether providing exam-focused frameworks, stretching sophisticated thinkers, or helping reluctant learners find clarity and confidence, my aim is always the same - to meet students where they are and guide them towards independence, competence, and a stronger belief in their own ability.

Subjects