Tayport Maths Tutors and Tayport Maths Tuition

Personal Description:
I am a skilled and experienced teacher of Maths (including Further Maths) and Chemistry and regularly update in both subjects. I am a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

My aim is always to help students to cope with difficulties and to build their confidence and I work with them in a comfortable and relaxed environment.

Some topics are available in Maths and Chemistry beyond A level.
I have a DBS certificate.

Teaching Experience:
I have many years of private tuition and before that I taught in college on courses ranging from GCSE to Degree level.

Tutoring Approach:
I tailor lessons to the student's need. Wherever possible I use exam questions and I can help with homework if necessary. Confidence in answering exam questions using past papers is a priority.
I have a wide range of resources including syllabuses, past exam papers, text books and computer software and for those who are interested, I am happy to provide additional material.

I offer online tuition anywhere in the UK.

Subjects

Personal Description:
To fill in later

Teaching Experience:
I am currently working as a teaching assistant for a special needs secondary school in Bromley Borough, having worked in the field of Information Technology for over 11 years. Working for a special needs school in the UK has given me an insight into education in the public sector. The reason I would like to teach Maths and ICT is that they are my favourite subjects. I have undertaken some private tuition in GCSE maths a few years ago and my current work is in the ICT department of my school.

Tutoring Approach:
I believe in one-to-one tuition because it gives the student an opportunity to ask questions about the subject matter, without being seen as stupid. Also, my experience in private tuition has given me an insight into the type of difficulty that students face. Since 2012 I have been working in schools, initially as a supply teacher and recently as a Maths Teacher mainly at GCSE level. I specialise in one-to-one and small group tuition (up to 4).

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have an excellent rapport with young people, with 30 years experience as a Scout Leader.

Teaching Experience:
The last 16 years I have been girls and boys in Maths, Physics, Biology and Chemistry with exam achievements far exceeding expectations.
I previously worked for BT and was involved in training engineers and managers in utilisation of management information.

Tutoring Approach:
I have the ability to be able to explain complex things in a simple way.
Tutoring sessions are customised to the individual student's needs, with revision strategies to maximise exam performance.
I am very good at motivating students, being enthusiastic and making the subject fun and exciting.
The pace is customised to stretch the young people while keeping within their comprehension zone.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am an aerospace engineer by qualification with a Bachelor's and Masters degree from the University of Leeds in Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering. I joined the automotive industry in 2015 and have since worked in engineering. Being an engineer and coming from a family of engineers, Maths is naturally my favourite subject and my strength. I have completed my GCSE with 8As (including Maths & Additional Maths) and I scored 596 out of 600 in GCE Edxcel Pure Mathematics (A) and Further Pure Mathematics (A) in 2010. I have a long history of tutoring Maths, Physics and English since 2008.

Teaching Experience:
I have been tutoring GCE & GCSE level Maths and Physics since 2008. I offer both one-to-one tuition and studying in a groups, both online and in-person. Generally, I recommend 1.5 hour or 2 hours per week per student, covering one topic per session and complementing the session work with homework for practice. I often use AQA, Edexcel and CIE past papers for revision and exam preparation. I also prepare my own mock papers and exam style questions depending on students' abilities. Lesson structures of course vary to cater to each student's needs.

Tutoring Approach:
All subjects are taught through explanation, reasoning, examples and home practices. Science is taught through understanding of the theory and practising problem solving while Mathematics is taught by showing the simple steps and with easy tips & tricks to remember the method or to remember common values such as sin 30=0.5. Primary English as a foreign language is taught through reading to expand vocabulary, writing to improve spelling and grammar as well as conversing to bring proficiency and comfort. After every session, the topic related exercises and homework are given for better understanding and to build student's confidence to solve any problem relating the topic.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Extensive experience teaching secondary school Mathematics (KS3/4) and striving towards being a specialist for A-level Mathematics (KS5).

I offer online tuition with an emphasis on the students' needs. I'm flexible on approach and will gladly cater to your technological specifications. Meaning, you will not require the best microphone, webcam, feng shui background or even the fastest bandwidth to maintain an improving grade. So long as you have a pencil, paper and an inquisitive mind that is set on learning, you will walk away from our sessions academically fulfilled.

My aim is to boost your self-esteem around the subject of Mathematics. As the tutor, it is my duty to listen to you and diagnose the root of your trouble. I will forever do my utmost to openly exhibit the array of techniques Mathematics has to offer us in order to equip you with enough confidence to speak up and ask, "hey, can you help me with this, please?"

Step-by-step we will learn how to overcome and begin to finish the race at our own pace.

Teaching Experience:
My experience in education has been learnt from the ground up. Each role that I have been honoured to fulfil has blessed me with a unique insight that support roles provide; the focus has always been about the individual.

Every child comes to school wanting to learn. Creating lessons that are engaging and modified not only for their academic level but also for their interests commands respect. Using Mathematics that mirrors their world is a guaranteed method to inspire motivation for the apathetic and manage behaviour for the unruly.

Teaching is a skill that is built with time and I am proud in my ability to engage young students as presentable maturity is so repeatedly demanded.

2021 - PGCE Secondary Mathematics
2018 - 2021 Private Tutor, Mathematics
2017 - 2018 Learning Assistant, Woodfield
2014 - 2017 Maths Intervention Tutor, HGAED
2011 - 2014 Teaching Supervisor, KUMON

Tutoring Approach:
"But I very much believe that anyone can learn anything, as long as it is explained clearly enough" ~Raffi Grinberg, Real Analysis Lifesaver

In the age of online learning, explaining clearly enough is a nuanced task especially when it comes to Mathematics. I have always tailored my delivery to suit the needs of the student. The soft skills required to pick up on the preferred learning methods of each student is an ability I pride myself in. The topics covered in Mathematics for most school curriculums do not differ drastically. But what does have a lasting impression for those who hold any apprehension towards the subject is making the lesson intrinsically derived from their passions. Because Mathematics is everywhere. It is up to us educators to enlighten and embolden their world with how much Mathematics is involved in their innate interests. This wonder of discovery awaits every student. No matter how they regard their perceived natural ability towards numeracy.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am passionate about Maths and believe that with proper guidance you can "train" to be confident and capable in maths, and in solving problems and mastering techniques. I love to teach and promote deep learning and thinking whilst balancing this against time demands of the curriculum. I am a qualified Maths Teacher (PGCE) although I have not always been a teacher having worked in private industry during which time I began Maths tutoring. I graduated from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) with a First Class Honours degree in Econometrics and Mathematical Economics.
I enjoy breaking maths down into smaller problems so that it can be accessible and understood by anyone and seen as "brain training".

Teaching Experience:
I currently tutor full time and am experienced in teaching maths from KS2 to KS5 (primary to A Level)

KS2 Maths
Year 6 SATS
11 Plus preparation (Maths and English)
KS3
KS4 GSCE
A Level
GCSE Maths resits / College
GCSE Statistics (Foundation / Higher / Coursework)
GCSE Economics (AQA, Edexcel, iGCSE)

Tutoring Approach:
A bespoke learning program with introductory assessment in order to tailor individual needs (or using recent school assessments).
A relaxed and relationship focused tutoring approach. Honest, open tutoring and triangulated communication between myself, the student and parents/guardians. Tutees can give direction depending on current learning in school/college, and take ownership of their learning.
Tips and techniques on how to answer questions so that methods are easy to remember and understand, maximising retention of learning, as well as revision strategies and time management advice.
Regular homework set and monitored to accelerate learning progress.
Tutoring via Zoom (or locally in person) using a variety of education technology to ensure consistent delivery and instant assessment of learning and progress.
Free trial available.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a Malaysian who can speak English, Chinese, Cantonese and Malay Language. I have completed my undergraduate degree in Food Science and Nutrition before working as a home tutor for 1 year. Currently, I study Msc in Nutritional Science at University of Nottingham.

Teaching Experience:
1 year teaching experience starting from Sept 2015 to Sept 2016 where I used to teach Biology, Chemistry, Maths and Mandarin.

Tutoring Approach:
I am a friendly tutor and patient in teaching. I guide my student patiently and slowly if they find it hard to understand the topic.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am an enthusiastic qualified teacher with extensive classroom and private tutoring experience. I am currently not working in school full time as I am undertaking my Masters in Education at Reading University as well as caring for live my little boy, I am willing to teach online, travel to your home or a nearby suitable study space.

Teaching Experience:
I love teaching and believe that all children can excel. I have been teaching for over 15 years with a large proportion of my experience in years 5 and 6. I have been a SATs marker for over 10 years now so definitely know how to get the best out of children in preparation for success not only in their SATs but also secondary school. I work regularly with children who want to participate in the 11+ entrance exams and have experience in most Berkshire schools' entrance requirements.

Tutoring Approach:
My pupils often describe me as 'firm but fair' with lessons that are fun. I believe children are most productive when they are enjoying themselves whilst being challenged. Any child can learn if they are taught in a way that is engaging to them and ensures that their strengths and weaknesses are identified. With this in mind, I aim to make learning relevant to them and break everything down into manageable chunks. I believe that children should be in charge of their own learning and will therefore always ensure that their views are taken into consideration when teaching. I love helping children to learn and relish the challenge of helping them to meet their potential.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I'm 26 and recently discovered my love for tutoring after volunteering to take responsibility for my nephew's home schooling during lockdown. I currently study at The Open University towards a BSci Hons Natural Sciences degree. I have first hand experience of being the student and the tutor and found this invaluable when working with my nephew towards his learning aims.

Teaching Experience:
One year zoom tutoring, KS2 and KS3, all subjects.

Tutoring Approach:
I work with a high level of emotional intelligence and feel the child is happiest and most open to learning without the pressure of feeling responsible for their learning. I will only use positive reinforcement to encourage learning and find having set prizes to earn to be very effective for motivation. What I take the most joy in is tailoring lesson content to the interest of the child, enabling the child to fully engage and enjoy my lessons rather than view them as a chore.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hello everyone,

This is Haixian(海鲜）from Coventry!
I am native Chinese Mandarin speaker with 15 years of life and work experience in the UK. Like millions of international students, I came to the UK to study my Masters Course in International Event Management at Birmingham City University 14 years ago. I have been working in different business section for years but the most enjoyable part was tutoring. I also love the coaching work involved in my previous position as an Account Manager.

I used to work part time to teach primary and secondary school children English, Math and Chinese when was at University.
I did a couple of times of visiting tutor to teach university students Mandarin at local University in 2019 in the UK. I have been a visiting tutor at local uni, also i have been teaching private lesson in KS1, KS2 and KS3 math, 11 plus preparation and Mandarin (all different levels) for 6 years.
I have been making tutoring videos and sending them to my friends for their children upon their request.

I do jogging nearly everyday as long as the weather permits.
I love making and sharing food with neighbours, colleagues and friends.
I am a certified facial and make up artist, but I don't do it as business.
I am chatter box (you may already have noticed).
..........

That is something about me, cant wait to hear your story.

Come on, learning Mandarin is super easy and we will have a lot of fun! The most difficult part is to get started.
Wait a second, will it scare you off if I tell you that I am a strict teacher? Haha, don'd worry, I am ok, not too strict.

学中文，学数学，找海鲜！

Teaching Experience:
I worked part time to teach primary and secondary school children English, Math and Chinese when was at University in China.
I did a couple of times of visiting tutor to teach university students Mandarin at local University in 2019 in the UK.
I did a couple of times of visiting tutor to teach university students Mandarin at local University in 2019 in the UK. I have been a visiting tutor at local uni, also i have been teaching private lesson in KS1, KS2 and KS3 math, 11 plus preparation and Mandarin (all different levels) for few years.
I have been making tutoring videos and sending them to my friends for their children upon their request.

Tutoring Approach:
Learning another language is fascinating because we can also learn some interesting culture and history related to that language, and yummy food is inclusive.
I have created different strategies for learning Mandarin depending on the age and language level of the students. For example, I have carefully picked some topics from official Chinese school teaching books, and some lovely popular traditional Chinese stories, then combined them with the real life and work environment around us. So that I can make sure all my students got plenty opportunities to practise what they have learnt from me.

I have studied very carefully UK primary and secondary school curriculum. I love the math theory that have been widely used in the UK. I can even make math learning more fun and interesting for students with my own different learning experience in China. Everyone will become Mathematician through my teaching.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Qualified, experienced, patient tutor
An outstanding practitioner, as evidenced in inspections and lesson observations.
I have had extensive training in supporting students with special educational needs. I am able to tailor approaches and resources to suit the individual needs of every pupil.

Teaching Experience:
27 years Headmistress Primary and Secondary School, retired.
15 years private tuition experience.
35 years teaching experience.

Tutoring Approach:
27 years' experience, including as Head Of Department and Headmistress.
Qualified teacher and subject specialist.
I am supportive, warm and encouraging in my approach.

Why choose me?
100% success rate in helping pupils get into their first choice schools, including Cheltenham Ladies' College, Haberdashers', St Paul's and Westminster College.
I provide expert private tuition for 11+, 13+, GCSE, A-level and International Baccalaureate examinations.
I am experienced at teaching pupils of all ages between 7 - 18.

Testimonials

Wendy was recommended to us by a colleague for her excellent quality of tuition. She has an extensive knowledge of the GCSE syllabus for literature and language and has considerable experience in the field. She is reliable and has a great work ethic. She has enabled my son to reach his potential and is able to focus on points of weakness, build confidence and motivate him into writing essays, which he did not enjoy or do prior to Wendy. Wendy has tailored her approach to teaching him in how to answer questions for the best possible outcome. His improvement in English has helped him progress in other subjects and is now looking at higher grades in History and RE due to a more articulate approach to answering questions. Less importantly my son has enjoyed his English lessons and always looked forward to them.

S, Chesham, Bucks

Wendy has been such a blessing for my daughter, completely turning around her expectations with regards to her academic ability and hugely affecting not only her English results but all her other subjects. Now, thanks to Wendy, she has the right tools to construct an essay. Her marks have improved by two grades across the board. Wendy is a wonderful and inspiring teacher and I just cannot recommend her highly enough.

Rachel, Amersham, Bucks

Lovely Wendy is the most amazing and caring tutor I could ever wish for. She deserves a medal for her work and her students are so motivated in these crazy times it is wonderful to know my son is being so looked after. He enjoys every lesson.

Lucy, South Heath, Bucks.

I highly recommend Wendy. Her long experience, personal approach and carefully planned English lessons have been incredible for over two years now. She also provides excellent feedback following each session and takes time to stay close to parents to gauge how and where she can add most value. I am happy to email or speak to other parents about how she has helped us!

Sarah, Great Missenden, Bucks.

I am so delighted we found Wendy to help with my son's preparation for his GCSE in English Literature and French to A level. I thoroughly recommend her tutoring services. She is consummate and professional and well prepared for each session with a myriad of printed materials to support the lesson. She is knowledgeable about her subject and importantly about what the examiners are looking for in assessing examination answers. She is also friendly, approachable and has a rare gift for imparting her understanding and enthusiasm for literature. My son positively looked forward to both English and French studies with her - something sadly he never felt at school. He now looks forward to University with every confidence

Tokeer, High Wycombe, Bucks.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a professional, friendly and enthusiastic tutor. My focus is providing engaging and informative lessons to individuals and small groups. In my spare time I'm a sports fanatic; I play hockey and hold a black belt in Jujitsu.

Teaching Experience:
I graduated the University of Cambridge this year with a BA in Economics. My final year modules included microeconomics, macroeconomics, econometrics, public economics and my dissertation, which statistically assessed the effectiveness of covid lockdown measures in the US and achieved a first class mark (placing me in the top third of my cohort). During my studies I tutored part time, teaching maths and economics.

Tutoring Approach:
My teaching approach is problem and discussion based. This involves collaboratively working through problems and questioning students throughout their lessons to confirm and deepen their understanding. In essence, students get the experience of a Cambridge style supervision.

For example, several questions I often ask students to improve their writing are:
1) Would you say it out loud?
2) Would your teacher say it out loud?
3) Would someone a couple of years younger than you/without specialised subject knowledge be able to understand your argument?

For maths, my teaching heavily emphasises learning concepts from first principles to avoid unnecessary memorisation and confusion. We then cover a broad range of past exam questions to test all aspects understanding.

Lessons are conducted on zoom, where we can share our screens to work through problems together as a team. We also use bitpaper, a premium online interactive whiteboard.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Third year University of Glasgow student, studying Geology, with electives in chemistry, calculus and astonomy. In my spare time I enjoy getting outdoors, reading and sewing!

Teaching Experience:
I have tutored GCSE level chemistry and maths for two years, and worked with young people up to the ages of 16 at summer camps.

Tutoring Approach:
I strongly believe that the best method of learning is practice. I personally like making mindmaps, flashcards and doing plently of practice questions, as these are methods of active recall which is proven to be the best revision method. I find I learn best when I make mistakes, and then I am given guidance on how to fix them, which is how I will aim to teach.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Enthusiastic, kind and patient primary school teacher. Have been teaching for 10 years but left full time work to have three children. Have experience in lower secondary too. Specialism in Maths and Phonics but can offer coverage of all subjects. Get in touch to find out more.

Teaching Experience:
Taught all ages within primary school for 10 years.
Have mostly taught early years (age 3-7).
Specialism in teaching early reading, writing and maths.
Whole curriculum coverage.
Also worked for over a year with Year 7 pupils.
Have done supply teaching to keep up to date and stay in touch while having the children to ensure my knowledge is current.

Tutoring Approach:
Each child's tutoring will be personalised to suit their needs. I can offer a creative, challenging, nurturing but structured approach. I am flexible between schemes of work and can adapt to accommodate methods taught by different schools. I am kind, patient and positive to support those who need their confidence building, however have effective behaviour management skills and teachings methods to suit children who may be harder to engage. I have worked with children who are reluctant to go to school and am also happy to work alongside parents homeschooling children.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hello there. My name is Kana. I am a person who found my passion to teaching the young kids not only their subject to score in their exam but also to have some attitude to score in their life as well.

Teaching Experience:
I am a Chemical Engineering graduate who is currently teaching for the past 6 years in an international school. I have the patience and ability to teach in a way that you will learn by understanding the subject and loving it.

Tutoring Approach:
I use daily life examples to most concepts that it is logical for you to apply the knowledge elsewhere or to understand the concepts better.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a graduate in Physics from University College London (UCL) and am currently pursuing a Master's degree in Clinical Science (Medical Physics) at King's College London (KCL) as part of the Scientist Training Programme. With a deep passion for mathematics, I am eager to share my enthusiasm for the subject through tutoring, helping students appreciate its beauty and complexity.

As an approachable, engaging, and supportive tutor, I have consistently achieved A grades in both my GCSEs and A-Levels, and I am committed to helping my students reach the same level of excellence. I specialise in tutoring Mathematics and Physics, both of which are second nature to me, and I am confident in my ability to teach these subjects to a high standard.

Maths is often a challenging subject for many, and I can relate to those struggles. Initially, I found myself more drawn to literature and the humanities, but with the support of exceptional tutors and teachers, I uncovered a genuine passion for mathematics. It is this transformative experience that I hope to replicate for my students, guiding them to find their own connection with the subject.

I believe in a personalised, one-on-one approach to tutoring, recognizing that each student is unique. I strive to tailor my teaching methods to meet individual needs, ensuring that every student receives the support required to succeed.

Teaching Experience:
5 years experience
Tutored online for 4 years and tutored with Explore Learning for 1 year in person and online both. I tutored GCSE to a level maths and Physics.

Tutoring Approach:
Initial lesson for mathematics involves an assessment - this can be through a past exam paper. This allows me to determine what level the student is working at currently and also what topics need to be focused on more than others. From this I pick a topic to base the next lesson on. The lesson compromises of exam questions and taught material.

For physics I ask the student which exam board they are studying and which topic to focus on for the first session. I then plan a lesson on the topic by doing a question-answer session (It will be like recapping then topic with the student through questions used to prompt their memory). Normally questions are in flash card form. Then for the second half of the session I do exam questions from the exam board the student told me. These are topic based so each lesson will have questions focused on what was covered on the day. I send the notes from the lessons to the student as pdf files too. I write reports after I complete a lesson so parents know what the lesson covered and what to expect for upcoming sessions too. The more fluent a student becomes in answering questions- that shows progress is being made.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I'm a dedicated Maths tutor with a First-Class degree and postgraduate qualifications up to PhD level in Engineering. Alongside my work as a Group Finance Manager/Finance Director, I teach Maths with the same rigour, clarity, and commitment I bring to my leadership roles. Tutoring isn't a side hustle for me - it's a meaningful part of my professional life, and I'm passionate about helping students build confidence and truly understand the subject.

Teaching Experience:
With over 20 years of Maths teaching experience, I have supported learners from year 7 through to year 13, and a couple of university students - from those building foundational skills to students aiming for top grades. My approach is structured, clear, and focused on developing genuine understanding rather than memorisation. I provide tailored guidance on home study and revision techniques, and students who follow my recommendations have consistently achieved outstanding results, often acing their exams. I take pride in creating a supportive yet disciplined learning environment where every student can thrive and reach their full potential.

Tutoring Approach:
My tutoring approach is structured, thorough, and focused on genuine understanding. I break down concepts clearly and build knowledge step by step, ensuring students develop strong foundations rather than relying on memorisation. With over 20 years of experience and academic qualifications up to PhD level in Engineering, I'm able to explain even complex ideas in a simple, practical way.

I set high but achievable expectations. We do not move on from a topic until the student has demonstrated clear understanding - through practice, explanation, or problem‑solving. This ensures there are no gaps, no guesswork, and no false confidence.

Home study is an essential part of my method. I provide targeted practice and revision guidance, and students who follow my recommendations consistently achieve excellent results, often acing their exams. My goal is to build confidence, competence, and long‑term mastery of Maths.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Warm, intuitive and creative, I'm a UK-based tutor offering private piano lessons (ABRSM Grades 1-8), GCSE/KS3 Maths tutoring, and creative art & craft sessions for children and young people. With over 5 years of piano teaching experience in Hong Kong, and a strong academic background in Maths, Additional Maths, and Pure Mathematics, I bring both technical depth and emotional awareness to my teaching.

My approach blends academic rigour with mindful learning. Trained in counselling skills, art psychotherapy, and child development, I create inclusive, supportive spaces for neurodivergent learners, creative thinkers, and students seeking to build confidence in both logic and expression.

Available for:
Music tutor Kingston | ABRSM piano lessons | Private piano teacher London | KS3 & GCSE Maths tutor | SEN Maths support | Art and craft tutor UK | Creative education workshops | Mindful learning tutor | Emotional support in learning | Freelance music and art tutor London

Teaching Experience:
With over a decade of experience across music, maths, art, and emotional well-being support, I bring a calm, creative, and adaptable approach to helping learners grow with confidence.

5 years of private piano tutoring in Hong Kong (2002-2010), nurturing both beginners and ABRSM Grade 1-8 students through personalised, enjoyment-led lessons.

Currently working as a SEN Teaching Assistant in London schools, providing 1:1 and small group support in maths, literacy, and sensory integration for neurodivergent learners.

Facilitator of art and mindfulness workshops for carers, children, and community groups via WE SHIN3 CIC, Carers First, and UKHKers - promoting emotional expression and mental well-being through creativity.

Architectural background (MArch) with international experience leading creative thinking and spatial design workshops, blending structured problem-solving with playful exploration.

Tutoring Approach:
My tutoring is student-led, emotionally attuned, and confidence-building - designed to help each learner feel both seen and supported, whether in GCSE Maths, ABRSM music theory, or art-based creative learning.

Assessment & Personalisation
I begin each journey by identifying the student's strengths, challenges, and learning preferences - tailoring sessions to suit their unique rhythm.

Visual & Tactile Learning
Especially in Maths and Music Theory, I use real-life examples, sketches, body-based methods, and analogies to deepen understanding and memory.

Creative Confidence
Mistakes are part of the process. I nurture resilience through play-based, reflective learning, especially effective for neurodivergent or anxious learners.

Steady Progression
Clear goals, compassionate feedback, and gradual scaffolding help students move from confusion to clarity - building both skill and self-belief.

Bonus Skills & Qualities

Certified Nagomi Pastel Instructor - Ideal for mindful, calming creative sessions

Drama & Art Therapy Training - Supporting expression and emotional regulation

Endurance Athlete (Triathlons & Marathons) - Brings perseverance, focus, and goal-setting to every learning journey

Subjects