Cricklewood Greek Tutors and Cricklewood Greek Tuition

Personal Description:
Is it all Greek to you?
Welcome to my Greek online classes!
My name is Christina and I am a qualified and native Modern Greek Teacher. I hold a BA in Classical Studies, an MA in Education from University College London along with a QTS certificate.
I offer Modern Greek language courses for all learners of all ages from beginners up to near-native speakers and help them get ready for exams and/or certificates of attainment in Greek (levels A1 to C2), official qualifications recognised by the Greek Ministry of Education. I also organise specific classes for conversation and fast-track options.

Teaching Experience:
I have been working as a teacher for more than 10 years now. I have extensive experience with all age groups.
Having taught Greek as a second language in Greek Schools of London and at the Hellenic Centre, I have moved to a Higher Education Institution where I train and mentor Academics as a consultant to improve their teaching practices.

Tutoring Approach:
My approach varies depending on the student's learning style. All classes are learner-centered and tailored to your needs.
Over the years I have created a rich library of authentic resources that aim to stretch your skills in every language aspect.
My ultimate goal is to teach you how to become a proficient and independent learner. We will work on that basis collaboratively, consistently, and persistently!

Can't wait to meet you!

Subjects

Personal Description:
I completed my undergraduate studies (English Language and Literature) in Greece, and my Masters studies in London. I have been passionate about the English language since I was very young, and was awarded the Cambridge University Certificate of Proficiency in English at age 15. When it comes to Language Teaching, I consider my exceptional level of English, my teaching skills, acquired during my Bachelor studies, as well as my experience of eight years of teaching to be my greatest assets. Offering private lessons of Greek and EFL in London and online. All ages and levels welcome. Flexible timetable.

Teaching Experience:
8 years of teaching experience in Greece and the UK, privately and in schools, all levels of English and Greek, including English Literature and IELTS preparation. I have worked both with children and adults, especially second generation Greeks and Cypriots.

Tutoring Approach:
Every lesson is tailored to the needs of the student. The use of specific handbooks is determined by each client's desires and needs. Extra material provided by the teacher. To support, encourage and help the student achieve his or her goals has always been my number one objective when teaching.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I studied Classics at King's College, Cambridge, graduating in 2009. I then trained as a teacher at Queens' College, Cambridge, graduating with a PGCE in 2010. I have been a private tutor since 2009, and have now clocked up thousands of hours' tutoring experience in Latin and Ancient Greek. I tutor both languages to degree-level standard in London, Cambridge and online. I love Classics, and my main aim is to make my lessons fun and inspirational.

Teaching Experience:
I have been tutoring Latin and Ancient Greek intensively for the past 7 years, with thousands of hours' teaching experience to date. I have taught towards all major public exams in both languages, such as Common Entrance, GCSE, AS, A2, SAT, Pre-U and even BA (i.e. University exams). I am familiar with the entrance processes for a number of independent and grammar schools, and have had a lot of experience teaching towards scholarship papers. I have tutored many students applying to Cambridge and Oxford, and can provide in-depth advice and support with choosing the right course and college, as well as getting to the necessary level for the language tests. I have also taught the languages to those who have decided to learn them purely for fun! In addition to my face-to-face teaching, I have taught extensively online (about 50% of my teaching is conducted on Skype), and have built up an array of handy techniques to get the most from the online format. I was Head of Latin at a school in Bury St Edmunds for two years (September 2011 to July 2013). Since October 2010, I have been supervising Cambridge undergraduates in Latin and Ancient Greek (colleges so far have included Pembroke, Downing, Homerton, Queens', King's, Murray Edwards, Newnham, Caius, Peterhouse, St John's, Emmanuel and Trinity). I also own and run a private tuition agency, Titanium Tutors, which I set up in 2011, managing a team of 8 staff members and over 1000 inspirational tutors.

Tutoring Approach:
My teaching style is structured and thorough. I start every lesson with a five minute recap of the key content of the previous session, checking how much the tutee remembers. A typical lesson will then consist of a translation, in which I ask the tutee to note down each unknown word as it is encountered and to devise a memory trick which will help them to recall the word in a five minute test at the end of the lesson. Together with the tutee, I will then pick a grammar point which stood out in the translation exercise as requiring the most immediate attention. We will spend five to ten minutes working on that, with the tutee's understanding tested with some reinforcement exercises. At the end of the lesson we will recap all the new vocabulary and grammar which was covered, and I will typically set a manageable 20 - 30 minute homework for the next session based on what was covered in the lesson. Every lesson is of course different, and tailored to the tutee's requirements, but I find this approach works in the vast majority of cases. I consider grammar to be crucially important, but treat it as a means to an end and always emphasise the ways in which it can be usefully applied to translation rather than learned in isolation. I believe that any tutee can excel in Latin and Greek with a little guidance and a decent amount of independent work. Above all, I strive to make my lessons fun and enjoyable. I love my subject and want all of my tutees to love it too.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hello and welcome :-)

I'm Craig and I have been teaching languages for almost 15 years now. I am a relaxed and patient teacher and will be well suited to anyone who needs to learn at their own pace or who needs things explained well and carefully to them.

I am also well qualified for the job with a BA Honours degree with triple distinctions in Spanish, Italian & French as well as Teacher Qualified Status and a CELTA. I have also lived, worked and studied in Spain, Italy, France and Greece.

I have studied a lot of languages myself. I've studied over 30 languages over the years. I have achieved fluency in the languages I teach, but I have also reached a fairly good standard in some other languages or have acquired a basic knowledge of many others. I will use some of the methods I have used to learn these languages to help teach you.

I will help you, step by step, to begin speaking and understanding your chosen language.

I am also DBS (previously CRB) checked for your security.



Here are a few a reviews from my customers:

I thoroughly recommend Craig to everyone as an excellent Spanish tutor. He is kind, patient and commited to his students.
My daughter, who had been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) had an hour`s lesson every week for eighteen months, after her secondary school was unable to offer Spanish lessons. She achieved an A* grade in her GCSE exam (Review by Kerrie, Sittingbourne)

I thoroughly recommend Craig if you are looking to learn a foreign language. I spent my teenage years completely adamant that a second language was beyond me. German was my weakest subject and I sat at the back of the class applying my make up! I am now working towards conversational Spanish, and after just over 3 months I am able to hold a Facebook messenger conversation with my South American friends! Not only has Craig taught me enough grammar to achieve this, he also anticipates difficulties English speakers may have with certain language constructs and works through those too. I always look forward to my lessons each week, and enjoy doing the practice questions I`m given for homework. (Review by Emma, Chatham)

I am giving my Italian lessons with Craig a 5 star rating. I began my lessons as a complete novice and now feel confident enough to be going on holiday to Italy to stay in a non-English speaking village. Craig is a highly-skilled professional. I recommend him to anyone who wants to learn a language (he speaks and teaches many!) whether a beginner or with some existing knowledge, for holidays, for work or to reinforce their language learning. (Review by Amanda, Maidstone)

Teaching Experience:
I have been teaching languages since 2004 and have worked as a full time language tutor since 2010.
I have also taught in language schools in the UK and abroad as well as in public schools.

Tutoring Approach:
I am very patient and will guide you step by step towards speaking your language of choice. I use a mix of my own course designed by me and materials from other sources such as course books, grammar books and realia.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have been teaching Latin, Greek, and Classical Civilisation since 1992. I currently teach at a Central London college and am an examiner in Latin and History for both OCR and Cambridge International A-Level. I hold a BA from the University of York and a PhD from Middlesex University.

I am the author of over forty books and a respected senior member of staff at my institution. My work spans school-level teaching, university-level instruction, and public writing on classical and educational topics.

Teaching Experience:
I teach both beginners and advanced students in Latin and Greek, and have helped many succeed in Common Entrance, GCSE, A-Level, and beyond. I have particular expertise in preparing students for scholarship exams, including the King's Scholarship at Eton, the Westminster Challenge, and the Harrow Entrance Examination.

My students have gone on to top independent schools and Russell Group universities. I have taught learners from a wide range of backgrounds, including international students and adult learners returning to the classics.

Tutoring Approach:
My teaching combines clarity, structure, and exam-focused preparation. I use past papers, model answers, and close reading, always with strong attention to grammar, syntax, and vocabulary.

Latin and Greek are rule-based languages. I help students internalise these rules through translation into and out of the classical languages, using adapted and original texts. This builds both exam readiness and lasting confidence in reading and interpreting ancient sources.

Where appropriate, I encourage students to explore the historical and cultural background of what they read - because the more they understand, the more they enjoy, and the more they retain.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Being fundamentally committed to good practise and innovation, I am always engaged in continuous learning in order to broaden my knowledge. Completing my Master's in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages with Greek as my native language I know the needs of a student who embarks on this journey of learning a foreign language.

Teaching Experience:
Having 12 years teaching experience both in Greece and in England in different settings (language schools, summer school, primary schools, secondary schools and colleges) I am fully aware of the different methodologies that are to be used with different students. I am an experienced, enthusiastic and focused English and Greek teacher committed to safeguarding and promoting the education and well-being of children and young people. The past 5 years my experience in the British schools as a supply teacher and a permanent TA in a Primary School have equipped me with the necessary skills to apply my knowledge in different contexts. Also, the past 3 years I have been teaching Academic English at Nottingham Trent International College and Nottingham University. My permanent job is English tutor at Derby Adult Learning Service.

Tutoring Approach:
Every lesson is personalised and carefully planned as the student's needs are taken into consideration. Different methods are utilised during the lesson with various activities making it interesting to each individual student.

Subjects

Personal Description:
My name is Evie, and I am an early years teacher. Greek is my mother language , I am a native speaker, I have experience teaching Greek from different setting with children and adults. I use creative methods to teach Greek so my students will enjoy their learning.

Teaching Experience:
Various experience from different settings in Greece and in Portsmouth
Stay and play groups in havelock community centre .
Hellenic school of Portsmouth.
Lots of 1-1 tutoring in ages between 5 and 11 and adults.

Tutoring Approach:
Using lots of methods , through art and music mainly students are encouraged to enrich their vocabulary while having fun. Learning can be fun. The lessons are mainly interactive. And lesson plans are designed to meet each persons individual needs by talking into account each persons learning style.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I completed my BSc in Psychology and my Postgraduate in Psychotherapy. I am currently a child Psychotherapist and a Psychology Tutor full time. I am passionate about helping others develop and achieve their goals by encouraging them and supporting them throughout the way.

*New students for academic year 2024-2025 please don't hesitate to contact me in advance of your deadlines with any questions. I can offer weekly tutoring lessons.

Teaching Experience:
I have experience teaching Greek to children. Besides that I have experience at teaching teenagers in higher levels and helping them with vocabulary and grammar and teaching Adult Casual learners Online (using a Greek interactive book with methods and memory chucks) .

experience:
teaching Greek to adults ✔
Psychology for A-levels, degree and masters ✔

****Regarding Psychology tutoring,


I have experience tutoring psychology graduates, postgraduates PCert and PDp with their dissertations, exams, article comprehension and critical reviews. I can help with SPSS questions, and provide guidance in ANOVA, regression and essay writing. I can also provide guidance with comments on improvement, materials, proofreading and help with references. I can deliver 1 to 1 weekly tutoring to students needing help with understanding their lectures and seminars if needed. Don't hesitate to message me if you have any enquiries.

**Please send me a message with what subjects you need help with and your availability(this would make the procedure much easier)! My availability is updated every month and is displayed on my profile.

I will be teaching the following on request:
-Basics of Statistics (From Descriptives to Anova, Regression)
-How to write essays for better marks (Learn to use Critical Analysis)

A lot of my students struggle with these 2 so I made my own lessons and teach them once a week. Send me a message in advance, please.

ONLY 2 SPOTS LEFT FOR WEEKLY LESSONS IN 2024 SUMMER. IF YOU NEED CORRECTIONS AND FEEDBACK PLEASE DO GET IN TOUCH.

Tutoring Approach:
I am a dedicated tutor with a number of different and exciting approaches in learning, which will help my students learn faster and better. My purpose is to make everyone feel confident with the language knowledge they already have (or even beginners) and boost their confidence and skills with my techniques and positive energy.

*Can give you feedback, guidance and correct reposts and essays that would get you a much better mark (50->60 , 60->70). Most of my students got higher marks in their dissertations than expected!! *Please let me know in advance!

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am an articulate and enthusiastic who has a desire to help others get on in my field and contribute to its growth. I am a graduate from the University of Liverpool and curreny studying for my Masters in Greek and Roman History at the University of Oxford.

Teaching Experience:
I have tutored individuals on a casual basis and provided proof-reading services to friends and peers on a volunatarily basis.

Tutoring Approach:
I will work to see what is at the root of any difficulty which my student has, since, in my experience, a misunderstanding of some basic and fundamental issues can cause greater issued further down the line. I will tailor lessons to the student's particular needs, utilising materials which the student themselves have had experience with using.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hello everyone Γεια σας!!

I am Kyriaki and I am from beautiful Cyprus. I am a native Greek speaker with an excellent knowledge of English Language. I studied English Language and Literature and I always wanted to include something more active in my teaching. For that reason, I did my Master in Drama and Theatre Education where I learned how to use drama as a method to teach English.

Would you like to speak Greek in only 3 months? If that's what you are looking for then you are looking at the right profile.
I am offering packages for May June July now available. Booking begins from the 1st of April.

Teaching Experience:
I have 3 years experience in teaching English to young individuals and 2 years experience in teaching Greek to adults. I always want to give students an active learning and the opportunity to speak and "play" with the language. I can also teach Drama and help with undergraduate and masters. Moreover, if you need any help with your Undergraduate Degree based on English Language and Literature, you are on the right place! :)

Tutoring Approach:
I am really approachable and flexible with days and times. I am using an interactive book and I have the patience and knowledge to improve your language skills.

Subjects

Personal Description:
PhD Biochemist, female with long term interest in the Neurosciences who enjoys teaching, the outdoors and arts and culture including scientific culture. Happy outgoing personality. Interactive lessons.

Teaching Experience:
I have 3+ years experience as a tutor of Biology and other STEM subjects and classroom experience based on teaching EFL mostly to juniors. I also have completed a Master's in teaching Biology at the University of Athens, in Greece and 2/3rds of PGCE science with Chemistry at Oxford University.

Tutoring Approach:
I try to give my tutees a comprehensive understanding of their subject including the relationship between exam papers and their specification, study skills and exam technique and build their confidence so they would eventually be able to study without a need for a tutor and become independent learners. I also use ICT to make the lessons more engaging-lively and try to accommodate their individual learning styles.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hello, my name is Alexandra I was born and raised in Greece where I obtained a Bachelor Degree in International European Studies. I worked as an English and Greek tutor for 12 years in Language schools and privately. I have managed to develop a very interactive and efficient way for Adults and young children to learn English as a foreign language as well as Greek since it is my native language.

Teaching Experience:
12 years tutoring language for: Adults and young children 7-16, GCSE, IELTS, TOEIC, A1-C2 level
12 years tutoring Greek students with homework, prep for exams

Tutoring Approach:
Adults: I promote interactive ways of learning that include discussions around films, music, theater and interesting articles, conversations and the expression of personal opinion. I strongly support verbal exercises so that the learner manages to feel confident on having basic conversations within the first month of learning.

Young children: I support interactive learning by role play, games and short films that include exercises. I focus on establishing excellent knowledge of the grammar and syntax rules and I introduce multiple ways to build on the vocabulary.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a highly experienced and passionate tutor of Modern Greek and I hold a degree in teaching Greek as a foreign/second language.

My twelve-year experience includes teaching Modern Greek to both adults and students of primary and secondary education in Paris, Scotland, the US and Greece both in-person and online. I also worked for five years at the Greek School of Glasgow as a teacher of the Greek language for both adults and teenagers. In addition, I was coordinator and examiner of the Certificate of Attainment in Greek (Ellinomatheia) and the Edexcel Pearson Qualifications for Modern Greek in the UK.

According to your language skills and your experience, we will create together an enjoyable teaching-learning environment in order to achieve your goals and to communicate fluently in Greek. Our creative lessons will include cultural knowledge, geography, literature, music, food recipes, and a lot of speaking and listening together with grammar and vocabulary. Don't hesitate to contact me and book a trial lesson.

_____

- Lesson plans targeted at your needs and goals.
- Lessons are based on well-organised PowerPoints, including full grammatical and vocabulary analysis, texts, videos, speaking, and listening exercises. The PowerPoint after each lesson is sent to the student.
- Grammar and vocabulary templates of our lessons.
- Speaking practising, focusing on specific topics and small talk (role play, speaking cards, targeted questions, games).

Teaching Experience:
Twelve years of experience in teaching Modern Greek:
- Greek School of Glasgow: adults classes, children and students for Edexcel Pearson Qualification in Modern Greek (GCSE, GCE AS, GCE A level)
- Private tutoring to individuals in Scotland and France
- Distance online teaching with students from the UK, France, and the US.

During my collaboration with the Greek School of Glasgow, I was appointed as the official coordinator of the school's language exams such as the Edexcel Pearson Qualification in Modern Greek (GCSE, GCE AS, GCE A level) and the exams for the Certificate of Attainment in Greek. My responsibilities included ensuring all the students' registration and application processes and communication with the official bodies of the exams. In addition, I was appointed as an official examiner for speaking and listening sections of the Certificate of Attainment in Greek, the official exams of the Greek Ministry of Education.

With careful guidance, high commitment, compassion, and encouragement during lessons, my students demonstrate remarkable progress in learning Greek. During the exams, most of my students perform better than their predicted and achieve outstanding results.

Tutoring Approach:
I tailor my tuition to the individual according to their needs, demands and objectives, encouraging them to create critical thinking towards learning. Using communicative language teaching techniques and focusing on a positive learning environment I set high goals respecting the objectives of the lesson and the abilities and needs of the student.

With a variety of learning strategies, I adapt my teaching approach to the learner's personality and needs. In order to support students, I provide their progress log and detailed feedback on their improvements and weaknesses with clear strategies of progress. I use a wide variety of teaching materials ranging from course books to stories, newspaper articles, videos, and songs. I methodologically provide resources for lessons through simplify and well-organised lesson plans in line with the objectives of the learners and/or the exams' curriculum.

My aim as a tutor is to create with my students a deep understanding of the language and confidence in communicating. My teaching is based on the idea that learning happens in a positive and mutually respectful environment, with passion and love on teaching and learning the Greek Language.

Subjects

Personal Description:
As a tutor proficient in Greek, Maths, Latin, History, and Geography, my approach is tailored to foster a deep understanding and appreciation of each subject. I emphasise a balanced methodology, combining traditional techniques with modern educational tools. For languages like Greek and Latin, I focus on immersive learning through reading, translation, and conversation, enhancing linguistic and cultural comprehension. In Maths, I prioritise conceptual clarity and problem-solving skills, ensuring students grasp fundamental principles before progressing to complex topics. History and Geography lessons are interactive and analytical, encouraging students to explore historical events and geographical phenomena through discussions, maps and multimedia resources. My tutoring style is adaptive, student-centered, and aimed at cultivating critical thinking, curiosity, and a lifelong love for learning.

Teaching Experience:
With five years of experience in teaching History, Geography, Latin, Maths and Greek, my educational approach is both comprehensive and dynamic, designated to cater to diverse learning styles. I integrate a variety of teaching methods, from traditional lectures to interactive activities, to engage students and foster a deeper understanding of each subject. in History and Geography, I encourage critical analysis and contextual thinking, using maps, primary sources, and multimedia to bring the past and the world to life. For Latin and Greek, I emphasise immersive language practice, including reading classical texts and conversational exercises, to build linguistic proficiency and cultural insight. In Maths, I focus on developing strong foundational skills through problem-solving and logical reasoning, esnuring students are well-prepared for advanced concepts. My goal is to create an inclusive and stimulating learning environment where students are motivated to explore, question, and connect the dots across disciplines.

Tutoring Approach:
My approach to tutoring is centered around creating a personalised and engaging learning experience for each student. I believe in understanding the unique needs, strengths, and challenges of my students, which allows me to tailor my teaching methods accordingly. I use a variety of instructional strategies, including hands-on activities, real-word applications, and multimedia resources, to make learning both relevant and enjoyable. By fostering a supportive and interactive environment , I encourage students to ask questions, think critically, and develop a deeper understanding of the material. My goal is not only to help students excel academically but also to instill a lifelong love for learning and curiosity about the world around them.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I was born and raised in Greece where I completed my Bachelor's Degree in Greek Language & Literature at the National & Kapodistrian University of Athens.I recently moved to the UK (2020) to earn my Master's Degree in Language Sciences with specialization in Neuroscience of Language(University of Reading).

I am fluent in both Greek and English. I also speak Spanish and French (proficiency level).

Teaching Experience:
I have been teaching the Greek Language (Modern & Ancient Greek ) since 2012, preparing high school students for the country-wide university entrance exams. In parellel, I was delivering in-home classes to assist students of various age groups with their curricular activities in humanitarian subjects such as History, Modern Greek Language & Literature, Ancient Greek, Philosophy & Religious Studies.I have also worked as a volunteer for the non-profit organization ''METAdrasi'', where I taught young refugees Greek as a second or foreign language.In 2020, I started working for the Greek School of Oxford, preparing students for their GCSE exams in Modern Greek and teaching Year 5 and Year 7 the Greek Language as a Second/Foreign Language.

Tutoring Approach:
Basically I use constructivist teaching approaches and strategies to help my students. I encourage them to actively participate in the learning process and help them develop critical thinking and communication skills in the target language. The material I share with my students is accumulated through all the years of my teaching work and there is a variety of types of exercises I offer to them. I also use a lot of interactive online material like live worksheets, language games such as Wordwall etc. and different kind of resources; newspapers articles, songs, poems, movie dialogues, inscriptions, texts published on social media ,recorded day-to-day conversations between native speakers etc.This helps them not only reinforce their academic knowledge (grammar and syntax) but it also broadens their experience on the cultural and contextual aspects of the language.

Subjects

Personal Description:
My name is Antonia. I am from Greece and I am a passionate teacher of Ancient and Modern Greek. I am a graduate of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki with a degree in Greek Philology specializing in Linguistics and a Master of Arts in Linguistics. Enjoys sharing knowledge, and inspiring both children and adults. Now, I am Modern Greek after almost 2 years at Durham University. Besides that, I am teaching Greek as a second/foreign language to students for 4 years. Experienced in lecturing private lessons to students of secondary education in Greece. Also, I have taught ancient Greek and Latin to high school students with great results. Experienced in teaching Greek as a foreign language to all levels, from children to adults. Also, I am awarded Qualified Teacher Status for Britain.

Teaching Experience:
I have been a Greek teacher for 2 years at Durham University. Also, I have experience in teaching Greek as a second/foreign language for 4 years. I am experienced in lecturing private lessons in Ancient and Modern Greek to secondary education students in Greece.

Tutoring Approach:
I adjust the lesson depending on the level of the students and their needs. My method in Ancient and Modern Greek is to teach the grammar through exercises for better results in understanding the grammar. I use modern books and online tools such as videos. My lessons are interactive and my students have made significant progress because they really enjoy my courses.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Γεια σας! I'm Sofia, a passionate and experienced language teacher originally from Greece. I have been teaching Greek and English as a Second Language for over five years, working with learners of all ages and backgrounds. With a CELTA qualification and an MSc in Education Policy and International Development, I focus on making lessons interactive, engaging, and tailored to each student's needs. Whether you're a beginner or looking to improve your fluency, I'm here to support you on your language-learning journey!

Teaching Experience:
I am a qualified teacher with over 6 years of experience teaching Greek and English as a Second Language to children, teenagers, and adults. I hold a CELTA qualification and an MSc in Education Policy and International Development. I have worked in both face-to-face and online settings, supporting learners of diverse backgrounds, including refugees and migrants. My lessons are engaging, student-centered, and tailored to individual needs, helping learners build confidence and fluency in Greek and English.

Tutoring Approach:
I am a strong advocate of creating an inclusive environment where the students feels safe to share their thoughts and feel that they belong. All the students are being respected for who they are and i always try to be there to support them through their learning journey.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hello everyone! I am a neuroscience and psychology graduate who wants to pursue a career in academia and professional psychology.

Teaching Experience:
I have been working in schools during my university degrees and I have been a mentor during my school life. I love teaching and any opportunity to spread knowledge.

Tutoring Approach:
I follow a flexible approach that depends on students' needs- Happy to make adjustments depending on the student's best method of learning
Interactive teaching
Organised and keeping track of progress

Subjects