Forest Gate English Tutors and Forest Gate English Tuition

Personal Description:
I am a confident and enthusiastic person; with a pleasant attitude towards children. I have a 'ready-to-learn' personality and willing to gain both practical and theoretical experience in the Foundation stage learning programme and several other professional developments in Private Tutoring in Mathematics. I make the teaching and learning process a pleasant experience for my students and myself.

Teaching Experience:
I have worked as tutor with both kids and adult from age 5-40years both in the UK and Nigeria. CV will be attached if allowed

Tutoring Approach:
Practice qestions to be given after thr explanation and student tokeep practising them until they are confident in themselves that they are able to face any mountain of questions.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have a Doctorate in Languages and Literatures from La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy and an MSc in Corporate Communications and Public Affairs from RGU.

I love teaching and using my communication and interpersonal skills with people of any age, nationality and background.
I enjoy helping students achieve proficiency in the languages I teach, help them become confident communicators in writing, listening and speaking whether is for work, study or leisure.

Teaching Experience:
I have been teaching to people of various ages and backgrounds since 2009 at Aberdeen College, language schools (Aberdeen Courses) and as a freelancer.
I have experience in teaching students from schools, professionals from oil and gas organisations, and other sectors.
I have helped school pupils of various ages and levels in achieving high marks in exams such as National 5, GCSE and Highers.

I also have experience in preparing for language exams and University essay writing on various authors.

Tutoring Approach:
My approach to teaching is based on the student's requirements and needs whether is for business, leisure or study.
Grammar, reading, writing exercises and developing listening and expressive skills are all at the core of my approach.
These skills are taught depending on the level and nature of the classes (business, academic or casual learning).
I am aware of all the difficulties of learning a foreign language, therefore I make sure that the students not only have an effective class but also an enjoyable time.
I make use of grammar books, exercises, audios, conversational topics, newspapers, magazines, games and more!

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a friendly, patient and enthusiastic person who is passionate about supporting children with their learning and enjoys seeing children achieve their full potential.

Teaching Experience:
I have been successfully teaching in the Primary sector for over 25 years and have experience across Early Years, Key Stage 1 and 2. I resigned from my most recent full time post as Headteacher of a primary school, to return to my first love of teaching and now tutor children alongside working part time as a teacher.

Tutoring Approach:
Since I qualified as a teacher in 1996, I have tutored primary aged children in Reading, Writing and Maths. I have also supported many children through Y6 Sats and with the transition to secondary school.

I offer both face to face and online tuition via Zoom.

I offer small group sessions to children of a similar age and/or ability and offer a discount for siblings.

I am DBS checked.

Before I begin tutoring, I assess the child's needs and talk to them and their parents about the support that they would like. I aim to make my sessions as interesting and creative as possible to engage the children and ensure effective learning. The session is spent primarily with me teaching or working through a problem with a child-there's little benefit in a child working through a task independently with me sitting watching!

As a mother, a Primary School Teacher and an experienced tutor, I understand how difficult it can be to support your own child in their learning. I will therefore also support with school homework and extra reading when required.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a qualified secondary science teacher, and I have also tutored a wide range of subjects privately over the past 15 years (mainly sciences, maths and English).

I specialize in online teaching methods, including training other teachers internationally. I have degrees in science, education, creative writing, and linguistics.

Teaching Experience:
- Former Head of Physics
- Examiner for Edexcel, IB and Cambridge boards
- 15 years of private tutoring experience (all three sciences, maths and English Language and Literature to A Level)
- 10 years as a university lecturer in linguistics and academic English

Tutoring Approach:
My approach is supportive and low-key. I think that students have to have time to explore their interests in the subject by asking their own questions. This is an important part of reflective learning and will help build and maintain enthusiasm, and a calm and supportive atmosphere is essential for this.

I make extensive use of past exam questions; the best way to do well in exams is to practise doing exams! This also allows realistic monitoring of performance as tutoring continues. I normally email exam questions for students to attempt before the tutoring session.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have been studying Spanish, French and Italian for many years and have gained numerous qualifications. Living in several European countries has also enabled me to develop my language skills to the extent that I am now confident in my ability to teach these languages to others.

I am currently studying for a TEFL course to update my teaching skills.

Teaching Experience:
I am approaching the end of my first year of language tutoring and have enjoyed the experience. I look forward to continuing my tutoring through UK tutors as well as other bodies. I have had one or two lessons to teach and wish to gain more experience by doing more. My aim is to become a freelance tutor.

Tutoring Approach:
I would be interested in teaching TEFL Spanish, and French to either young children or adults. I make use of the latest technologies that will make it a pleasure for you to develop new language skills.

I will help you develop skills in listening, reading, speaking and writing as I think these have an important part in every day life in foreign languages.

I am flexible, approachable and patient and will tutor you to whichever level you need.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hi I'm Heather!

I hold a First Class Degree in English Literature and Drama from Manchester University.

I've been tutoring for nearly 15 years, working with students aged 6 years, up to 18, supporting them through KS1-4, GCSE and A'Level/IB curricula. I have also taught English as a foreign language. The content of my tutorials is entirely student- led; i.e I work towards the individual's goals and learning styles. I am experienced in the teaching of essay writing, exam preparation and textual analysis/understanding. The most important thing I can do as a tutor is to empower the student to feel confident in their own abilities and thoughts.

I have worked with students of A Level and GCSE in a diverse range of texts including Victorian Gothic literature, the American Novel, pre and post 1900 poetry, modern drama and theatre studies, post -colonial literature, dystopian literature. All of my students have achieved their personal desired A-C grades, and gained acceptance into the university of their choice.

Recent students have achieved places at Eton and Wellington college, UCL, King's and Westminster. I currently tutor students applying for or attending Kew House, Kings School Wimbledon, Fulham Prep to name a few.

I have 2 years experience of home schooling Key Stage 2 and 3 literacy and numeracy, with an excellent overview of the curriculum and a variety of techniques to engage different learners. I have worked closely with young learners with dyslexia, ADHD and autistic students

I also teach drama school audition preparation, public speaking skills and methods of overcoming academic anxiety. In addition to my work as a tutor I work for a theatre company as a director and facilitator, and bring this creativity and fun to my tutoring.

Do get in touch if you have any questions!

Heather

Teaching Experience:
-15 years as a private tutor
-Assistant Tutor; Kumon Maths (Hampstead Branch)
-6 months as a Teaching Assistant (SEN) ; Carlton Primary School
-2 months as a 1-1 learning and care assistant to a young child with non-verbal cerebral palsy
-Assistant director/facilitator at theatre company Access All Areas
-TEFL introductory course- Cambridge
-Creative writing teacher training with The Ministry of Stories
-Drama facilitator, Hackney Shed Theatre Company

Tutoring Approach:
I believe tutoring should be a dialogue, not a dictatorship. Each lesson would be highly organized to cater for the requirements and ability level of the individual student. I plan all sessions to include a range of discussion, demonstration, exercises, review of work and homework tasks if required. Crucial to my teaching approach is an easy, flexible engagement with the individual- working to their learning style and objectives, and encouraging the pupil to draw out their own understandings rather than enforce rote learning.

Areas of expertise include: Literature Romantic poetry, contemporary poetry, the dystopian novel, the Gothic novel, WWI literature, post-colonial literature, the early novel, Shakespeare, dramatic writing, film studies. History- Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Russia from Revolution through to the cold war. Apartheid in South Africa, the Suffragette movement, the history of British Education, Chartism. Theatre- Greek theatre, Kabuki, German Expressionism, Melodrama, Realism, Naturalism, Absurdism, post 1950s British drama, contemporary theatre

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am an enthusiastic and flexible teacher who likes to encorporate a range of styles and approaches to help my pupils achieve their full potential. I believe in tailoring support and approach to the individual learning needs of my students and provide a safe and creative environment in which to learn.

I have taught in Year 6 for over 10 years and work in a good school with good SATs results.

Teaching Experience:
I have taught in a variety of primary schools over the last 18 years and am currently a senior manager and Year 6 teacher in a large primary school. I have experience across all primary phases and have worked with a wide range of abilities and special needs.

Tutoring Approach:
I am dedicated to encourage and enable children to learn and achieve their full potential. Success, even in small steps is paramount to build self esteem and confidence and I believe that this is a key part of my teaching style.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am Brazilian and I've been living in the UK for about 25 years.
I have a passion for languages and can speak Italian, French, English and Portuguese.
Although I come from Brazil many of my students want to go to Portugal and I am prepared to teach European Portuguese as well as Brazilian Portuguese.
I'm also a qualified DPSI (law) Interpreter and currently, I am running an English course for international students.

Teaching Experience:
I've been teaching Portuguese for about 18 years in the UK. I've taught in different Adult Education Centres and now I have private groups and private students. I also have experience in Corporate teaching in the UK.

Tutoring Approach:
My teaching is more focused in speaking. I do lots of exercises to make the student speak from lesson 1 and they do!
I use pictures, resources from the internet, white board and lots of repetition.
I have been doing it for many years and many of my students are fluent speakers.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have an LLB in English and a diplome in French law. I have worked in 2 different Swiss banks as a lawyer, in Geneva and in London before starting a family. I currently work as a French and Spanish teacher at a local private school in Esher and I also teach French, Italian and Portuguese to adults and children in their homes. For the last 8 years I have helped children of all ages improve their maths and english work.
I speak 5 languages; English, French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese.

I have an Italian father and a Brasilian mother who has lived in France for more then 20 years.

Seeing my nephews and own kids grow up with 2 different languages has given me the opportunity to help them with their english and with any other subject they have fallen behind in due to the language barrier.

Teaching Experience:
I have key stages 1,2 and 3 teaching experience in all subjects.

I currently teach French and Spanish at a local private school in Esher and I also tutor English, maths, French and Portuguese to adults and children in their homes. I have been tutoring for 10 years now.

Being multilingual and raising bilingual kids, I feel it is important to teach children from an early age the basics in maths and english in a fun and structured way either in their mother tongue language or in english, depending on the preference of the parents.

Tutoring Approach:
I like teaching younger children in a fun and structured way, so I use a variety of props, music, colourful stories and scenarios, all this to keep them interested and entertained.

Older children and adults I teach in a structured and varied way where my aim is for them to learn and absorb the passion I have for the subject. Each have their own lesson plan and I check their development through quizzes and tests.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a fully qualified registered primary school teacher. I have been teaching for 18 years as a key stage 2 teacher. I am also foundation trained.

I have taught all subjects across the curriculum. I specialise in Maths and English. I am experienced in teaching children with a range of different learning abilities and confidence issues and have taught children who have additional learning needs.

I am able to encourage children to become more confident with their school work by explaining how to complete tasks using different strategies. I look at the different areas that needs more focus and build on this. I like to make the sessions relaxed so that the child feels at ease, this way they are more willing to study at a pace that suits them.

I am available for tutoring: after school or during the school day if your child is home schooled. I also offer tutoring to international children across the world. At the moment I am tutoring children in Sri Lanka, China and Japan.

At the moment my evenings are full but I do have some spaces available during the daytime. Evenings become available as the children leave me when entering secondary schools.

If you have any questions please contact me and we can discuss it further.

Thank you :)

Teaching Experience:
I graduated in 2006 from Chester University with B.ed (hons) degree in Primary Education with Qualified Teacher Status and English specialism 2:1.

Experienced in teaching all subjects across the curriculum in key stage 2 and the foundation phase.
Experienced in teaching children with additional learning needs.

Experienced in teaching Welsh up to year 6.

Qualified in foundation phase teaching 2013.

Tutoring Approach:
To provide extra support for your child to be able to complete school tasks to a good standard and to prepare them for the end of year tests.

To help build confidence and self esteem so children can progress to the best of their ability and enjoy their learning.

I use different strategies, resources, games and activities depending on the learning needed.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have a BA Honours Degree in English Studies from Aleppo University in Syria in 2000. I embarked on two Postgraduate Diplomas at Aleppo University one in Linguistics (2002); the other in Education and Qualification in 2003. In both of these Diplomas I was awarded a Distinction. In 2002, I was fortunate in gaining a scholarship to study in the UK and was nominated to study in the department of Language and Linguistics at the University of Essex. I found this course to be immensely useful to me as a TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) professional as I was able to observe a range of different EAP (English for Academic Purposes)classrooms; make academic presentations and really developed my love of scholarship which fired me with the enthusiasm to read for a PhD degree. I finished my doctorate in TESOL at the University of Ulster entitled "EAP Teachers Approaches to Giving Written Feedback on Academic Writing in British and Syrian ELT Centres". . I am extremely interested in teaching the language skills (as my recent doctorate shows). I am extremely hard working and sociable. I have good comparative knowledge of Western and Islamic societies which I could share with students where pertinent. I also have two qualifications from Ulster University in Peer Mentoring and Counselling.

I have strong interpersonal, communication, and classroom management skills and self-motivator. Apart from being an interesting experience in itself, tutoring is an ideal opportunity for me at this stage of my career as the area of this job is interesting to me and I have got the enthusiasm and motivation and energy to do it well and to develop things.I would like consider offering online tutorials (email writing tutorials for students who can not attend some classes).

Teaching Experience:
In the Diploma of Education and Qualification, I have been trained how to teach and how to deliver lectures in Arabic and English and also how to prepare lesson plan. I have experience of teaching university students in Syria as I was a lecturer at Aleppo University from 2002 to 2013. I enjoy teaching and lecturing and love my profession as I am particularly interested in communicating with individuals and groups. My colleagues and supervisors all say that I am a natural communicator and this, coupled with my knowledge of the field, leads me to think that I would make a good teacher. My mother tongue language is Arabic, yet my knowledge of written and spoken English is very good as well. I am also interested in materials design and curriculum development in ELT and could make useful contributions in these areas. I have also specialized in ESP, Materials and Methods in ELT, Language Teachers in Classrooms and Vocabulary and would be interested in teaching international students. My job in Syria was delivering pre-sessional programmes in academic English language to Syrian postgraduate students. Those students have to attend some EAP and ESP courses and pass the final exam which will enable them to pursue their high studies in Syria or in some English speaking countries like UK, USA and Canada. My teaching experience gives me a deeper insight and understanding of actual teaching/learning contexts. When I did my MA degree at Essex University, I taught some international students as part of the "Teaching Practice" module. I have been trained how to write a lesson plan for international students and how to use the PowerPoint for delivering lectures. Furthermore, I am very au fait with technology in the classroom.

Tutoring Approach:
It is the application of an integrating approach for the development of communicative skills in the lesson, in which the four skills in the acquisition of knowledge of a foreign language can be taught in a coherent way, and practiced together, with a distinction of the importance of one upon the other. One image for teaching English as a second or foreign language (ESL/EFL) is that of a tapestry. The tapestry is woven from many strands, such as the characteristics of the teacher, the learner, the setting, and the relevant languages (i.e., English and the native languages of the learners and the teacher). For the instructional loom to produce a large, strong, beautiful, colorful tapestry, all of these strands must be interwoven in positive ways. For example, the instructor's teaching style must address the learning style of the learner, the learner must be motivated, and the setting must provide resources and values that strongly support the teaching of the language. However, if the strands are not woven together effectively, the instructional loom is likely to produce something small, weak, ragged, and pale--not recognizable as a tapestry at all.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a highly experienced educationalist with a wholistic approach and a wide range of work experience before training as a teacher.

Prior to becoming a qualified teacher my professional experience includes IT, social work, property maintenance, music, photography and education & employment while my studies at undergraduate included nine subjects. I therefore draw upon a wide range of experience, knowledge and practice and believe that personal development is one of the most important and fulfilling things we can engage with in life.

In addition to various qualifications I have gained, I self study and pursue a wide range of activities and interests which gives me an ever increasing palette to draw upon when tutoring / mentoring.

Teaching Experience:
I gained my PGCE in Secondary Education (Maths) and worked in Adult Education and Family Learning for many years whereby I delivered accredited courses in Mathematics (up to GCSE level) and non-accredited courses in English and IT. In utilising my experience of working with mental health I set up and ran the only Maths for Mental Health group in Sussex which, although successful, unfortunately was terminated due to lack of funding along with my Family Learning teaching practice.

I left the Adult Education sector when I was head hunted by a family to deliver a private Home Learning curriculum and now work solely as a private tutor; supporting students in the Maths school curriculum and delivering a range of subjects (Maths, English, German, History, Photography, Chess etc.) to students who are home schooled. I also undertake private adult learning where there is a demand, additionally designing and undertaking bespoke plans for specific skills development such as report writing for business and fundamental Maths & Physics for basic Aircraft Engineering courses.

During the time of working in the Education & Employment sector I was responsible for skills development of various special needs groups so I have a solid understanding of and experience in a wide variety of educational needs. This experience also laid the foundation for a fixed term contract at a college for SEND students where I delivered a Maths curriculum to groups of SEND young adults within the QCF accredited curriculum.

Tutoring Approach:
As a professional educator I am committed to lifelong learning myself and, while I see the benefits and necessity of having learning goals to work towards, I believe that the most important role of a tutor is to develop a healthy and respectful relationship with a student, so that learning and achievement can flow from a sense of natural enquiry into a subject in a way which engages them in life. My experience suggests that, for most students, this approach helps them achieve greater confidence, awareness and motivation to excel in their learning and understanding of the subject.

My overall experience of working with a wide range of people in diverse professional fields and having studied a multi-disciplinary undergraduate degree as well as Maths also allows me to link learning across a range of subjects and life situations. In itself, this gives me a significant platform to develop a learner's ability to grasp a 'bigger picture' and to see self development as intrinsically valuable beyond the subject or topics being worked on.

I believe that we can never truly know our potential and I approach each student with a sense of curiosity and encouragement to explore that potential through appropriate cognitive skills development, so as to build positive channels of learning while identifying and addressing any specific difficulties.

When working with students I usually discuss learning and content with them but, when tutoring young people, I also encourage regular contact with the parent / carer - after all, a parent / carer is the first teacher in a young person's life and very much part of the young person's view of the world and educational growth.

PLEASE NOTE: relevant charges and introductory sessions

(i) sessions based more than 3 miles radius from my location will incur a travel charge based on a reasonable mileage cost if I am required to travel to the tutee.

(ii) on acceptance of each other via this site, there is an immediate introduction fee to be made to the site. This can be accommodated by a single session at my usual rates where you and your son / daughter can meet me and I you.

(iii) I would ask that sessions are subsequently booked in blocks of 6 and paid for in advance. Thank you.

BRAIN TEASER: if you were to spell out the counting numbers from "one" on wards, how far would you have to go until you would find the letter 'A' in the number (this doesn't include the conjunction "and")?

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have completed my scholarship PhD in sociology and ethnomusicology. I hold a Joint BA in English Literature and Creative Writing and an MA in Sociology and Social Policy.

Teaching Experience:
I am an experienced teacher and tutor, having taught GCSE and A Level English Language, Literature, Citizenship Studies and Study Skills in London at a Further Education college, independent school, and a faith based academy.

I have taught and tutored students at universities in London and Hull. I can give guidance and support for university students that need help with essay writing, proofreading and research methods.

Tutoring Approach:
I encourage students to understand the process and purpose of assessments so they become confident and independent learners. My teaching style is praised for being friendly, effective and confidence building.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am married, and live in Gloucestershire with our two Chocolate Labradors. Prior to teaching, I worked in advertising and then recruitment for 10 years. I have been teaching for the greater part of twenty years.
I am an avid reader, and keen amateur actor.
I speak basic - and extremely rusty! - French and German.
My other interests include tai chi and kung fu, yoga, weight lifting, and juggling.

Teaching Experience:
I have worked in education since 2003, initially in the primary sector and since 2007 in secondary. My initial experience was as a Teaching Assistant, working with children with special educational needs, including one to one teaching of pupils with autism and Asperger's syndrome. Between 2003 and 2007, in addition to working in both primary and secondary schools, I tutored English and Maths at KS2 and KS3.
I took my PGCE in English and Drama in 2007, and taught full time secondary English Language and Literature at Key Stages 3, 4 and 5 for 10 years. I have been an English tutor for KS3, KS4 and KS5 - both face to face and online - since 2019, working with students aged 11-18.
In my last school, where I taught for 10 years, I started and ran the Debating Society, the Mock Trial, and was also involved in a number of educational trips abroad.

Tutoring Approach:
My approach is open and relatively informal. I feel that tutoring works best when a relationship is established between myself and the student - they should feel free to ask questions, raise issues, and discuss any aspect of the work that interests them. It's very different to being taught in the classroom: in addition to individual attention, it also offers the opportunity to read and study texts not on the curriculum which can augment and strengthen the school syllabus. English is essentially a skills based subject. Although there is a lot of content to learn at both GCSE and A level, students benefit from being able to access and flexibly use the techniques needed to study and criticize. Reading, debating, and discussing a variety of texts enables the student to develop and apply these skills in lessons and exams.

Tuition is available in English Language and Literature for all secondary years, including GCSE resits. I can also tutor pupils preparing for the 11+, and scholarship entry in Year 7 or Year 9. Tutoring sessions are specifically geared to the student's individual needs, and may include functional literacy, close discussion of a set text, exam revision, and past papers. We can follow a specific syllabus, with the flexibility to focus on any particular aspect of the curriculum if so desired, or study more organically, choosing interesting and challenging texts that offer the opportunity to learn effectively while developing a strong set of English skills.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a very experienced teacher of English and Drama at GCSE, A-level, undergraduate and postgraduate levels. I believe that every student has the potential to make progress and that with the right direction this is possible. In my experience students develop in a supportive environment and I work hard to make this a key part of my teaching practice. This is based on my teaching experience that ranges from year 7 to postgraduate, through which I have developed an excellent understanding of learning styles and how they impact exam results.

Teaching Experience:
GCSE - English Literature, English Language, Media
A-Level - English Literature, English Language, Media, Drama
Undergraduate - English Language, Media, Drama
Postgraduate - Media, Drama

I am currently Curriculum Leader for KS4 GCSE English Literature/Language in a school. This means that I manage the progress of 1200+ students as they prepare for exams. I provide GCSE English training to staff and have consulted at other institutions.

I have also had Examiner training for GCSE English Language.

Tutoring Approach:
I work to identify areas of concern and ensure that we are focused on closing any gaps in knowledge in a friendly and supportive way. Lessons and homework is supported with excellent quality materials, which I write myself. These and other strategies ensure that students feel confident about their work and are able to apply their knowledge in exams.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a semi-retired English lady. I do online tutoring in English and French. sometimes I also give private lessons in person depending on the circumstances.

I am in the process of updating my DBS certificate which I will submit to UK tutors
asap.

I have 2 years experience as a part-time BA TEFL teacher, from April 2020 until 5th February 2022 when my contract came to an end, as an online teacher with Education First,, teaching English to Chinese children (5 to 14 yrs. old).

Teaching Experience:
I have 2 years experience as a part-time BA TEFL online English teacher from April 2020 until 5th February 2022 when my contract with Education First came to an end. I was teaching English online to Chinese children aged from 5 to 14 years. This experience was very enjoyable so I am now seeking a similar work experience with UK tutors.

In addition, from 2010 to 2020, I was self-employed and I was tutoriing private pupils in person from my home or theirs. The subjects I taught were English French and music.

Tutoring Approach:
My approach to tutoring is friendly, enthusiastic and structured. I am,attentive to details and I always try to draw out the best from my students without causing them too much stress.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am studying MSc Psychology on campus at University of London. I have a vast experience of teaching A-Level/GCSE Maths, Physics, Chemistry and Biology having myself scored A grades in the aforementioned.

Teaching Experience:
I have 10 years of teaching experience of teaching Maths, Physics, Chemistry and Biology. I can also teach Urdu and English Language + Literature.

Tutoring Approach:
I start from topics the students are comfortable with and move gradually towards more complex areas as their confidence builds. I use questions and examples to check understanding continually. I don't lecture to students or ask them to memorise things. But I am very flexible.

Subjects

Personal Description:
My aim as a tutor in an educational organization would be to utilize my knowledge, skills and experience in molding the students into powerful global citizens and emerge as a leader.

Teaching Experience:
I am an innovative and skillful primary & high school teacher who has been working in this field for more than 10 years.

Tutoring Approach:
First and foremost to set clear boundaries and make a plan that meets both tutor and the student's. Communicate openly and Often. To focus on the student and aim to support them to identify their own goals and issues and develop strategies and solutions.

Subjects