Stoke Newington Craft and Design Tutors and Stoke Newington Craft and Design Tuition

Personal Description:
I am Argentinian from Buenos Aires and have been living in the UK for 16 years. I have a good level of experience teaching a range of age groups and in different settings, as well as a good command of both languages.

Teaching Experience:
I have a first certificate of in English qualification from the Cambridge Board as well as a secondary school diploma in education. I have taught Spanish at the Korean Institute for two years, with students ranging from 5 year olds up to adults. I spent three years teaching Graphic Design, Aesthetics and Art History to students aged 18 and older at the University of Buenos Aires, and also offered tutoring in English classes to adults, as well as English conversation classes.

I have an MA in Art History from Birkbeck University and did several courses on painting and illustration. I've been a practising artist for 15 years.

Tutoring Approach:
I have a wide experience, having taught individuals and groups, provided structured lessons as well as less formal conversation classes and used these skills across a range of age groups.

I am an enthusiastic, hard-working person and passionate about the importance of learning different languages. I see this as the best way of extending people's worlds and ideas.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Art and design has been the love of my life since early childhood. Being able to express oneself creatively and with imagination has always been my primary source of independence and happiness. Apart from that, i am also attentive to creative sparks and fires in the people around me, enjoying when the potential is given the chance to be fulfilled. Plus, i am thoughtful and hard working, with a light-hearted and empathic attitude towards people i work with. I am a bit of a connector, a bit of a maven, a bit of a geek and i always wear a sunscreen. I have studied Art and Design in Latvia and in London, have an Interior Design diploma and a degree in Product Design, strong drawing skills, sane knowledge of a range of arts materials, software skills and a spirit for safe experiments.

Teaching Experience:
Sustainable Opportunities Workshop 2011, in collaboration with British Council - designing the workshop and facilitating it.
Private arts tutor for life drawing and modeling, 2007-currently.
Learning Resources Assistant in University of Arts London, advising on materials and software (Adobe CS; Rhino; Solidworks for beginners) 2009-currently.
Arts tutor and group supervisor in Children Summer Camp, ages 6-16. 2007.

Tutoring Approach:
The best tutors in my life have been the strictest ones, with high demands and set standards. I have learned from them well and would aim for the same level of aspiration they have given me. But in addition, my strongest belief is that the best teacher is the one who understands the way his student works and learns and acts accordingly, being an inspirational teacher. Ages 6-99 can all benefit from expression through the different forms of art. First of all I would discuss the needs and desires of stakeholders and form a brief, which would include:
Desired outcomes
Program to reach them
Sourcing materials - what materials are needed
Timetable
Location

Then, we would be set for starting the learning and revealing the wonders of life and ourselves.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I just love doing creative things and love sharing and encouraging others with an interest in dressmaking and in design.
I have been dressmaking since I was about 8 years old.
Studied City and Guilds Fashion and Design at Hull College
Ran a dressmaking business until moving location recently.
The City and Guilds covers design inspiration through to the finished article.
Couture standard dressmaking.

Teaching Experience:
Private tuition with young people and home educating groups.

Tutoring Approach:
Relaxed, encouraging, fun, exciting, self expression, attention to detail,

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a well humoured, and easy going teacher with a keen interest in Design, Technology, Engineering and SEN, who likes to keep up to date with the latest trends in many aspects of design from Jewellery to Furniture. I have a bachelors degree in Silversmithing and Metalwork and am currently working towards a masters degree in Education.

I'm also a lived experience neurodiversity advocate.

Teaching Experience:
I have just completed my 12 full time year in teaching mainstream secondary school Design, Technology and Engineering. I've worked with pupils from KS2-KS5 in my subject specialism in a range of different schools including a specialist SEMH provision, and sixth form college but predominantly mainstream secondary schools.

I worked as an Assistant SENCo for four years and have experience of delivery specialist interventions, including toe-by-toe, IDL and IEP's as well as acting as a keyworker to support pupils with emotional and behaviour support, when they are finding it hard to communicate their needs with others.

Tutoring Approach:
I am a pupil focused tutor who believes that a variety of short, varied activities keeps students focused, productive and able to learn more effectively. My experience with SEN students has made me patient and believe that the key to successful tutoring is being well resourced. I undertake a limited amount of tutees in order to ensure increased availability for my tutees and to ensure that I am focused on the individuals I tutor and their needs. Above all I believe the students need constant positive reinforcement to increase motivation, self belief and therefore success.

Subjects

Personal Description:
MANY APOLOGIES, I AM CURRENTLY ON MATERNITY LEAVE HENCE I DO NOT ACCEPT STUDENTS


Please, feel free to contact me to see my works - I will send you the link via e-mail.

Who am I? I am a creative female human being, who is about to graduate in BSc (Hons) Architecture. I have been:
• breathing for 23 years;
• creating art for more than 12 years.

I am a darling of fortune. I do what I love and love what I do. Moreover, in my case, it is the most precise definition of my future career. I am in a deep, incurable love with Rain, Poetry, Black Coffee, Philosophy, Books, Music and any manifestations of elegant, thoughtful and inspiring Design & Art in all areas of life: from the greatest "Bilbao-effect-Architecture" from Powers-that-be at all times (starting with Ancient innovations to Modern Deconstructionism) to the 50's rockabilly dresses in my wardrobe.

Teaching Experience:
Mostly, I privately tutored children every summer between 2005-2009, helped primary school teacher to prepare art classes. I am currently looking forward to expand age category of my tutees.
I am now starting tutoring again after a break (since 2009), therefore, references will be available soon.

Tutoring Approach:
Before I start tutoring I always prefer to arrange a meeting to have a chat about what your requirements/preferences/needs are first. Once this is discussed, I take couple of days to arrange a brief plan for our lessons, which will be sent to you by e-mail. That way we adjust it together and I have time to prepare helpful information/books/software etc. for you. Once it is confirmed we arrange the date for the first lesson.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have been working in the Graphic Design industry for the past 18 years as an IPA Practitioner in Advertising and graphic design agencies with many blue chip clients such as Dr. Martens, Barclays Bank, Duetsche Bank, Eidos Interactive game graphics (Tomb Raider) and many more.

I have a thorough knowledge of Adobe Creative Suite InDesign, Illustrator, Photoshop and Adobe Muse website software.

I am also qualified to HND level and Award in Education (PTILLS)

Teaching Experience:
Worked with students in graphic design workshops, helping them navigate in Adobe Creative Suite and other design software including websites and design for print.

Tutoring Approach:
I have a helpful relaxed approach in teaching across all areas of Graphic design from layout, typography through to website and print setup.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Master's level qualified art teacher, award winning artist and multi-product fashion designer. Highly developed drawing, painting and technical skills, and an excellent knowledge of production processes.
I strongly believe in creativity in every part of life, not only professional. It enriches our lives in so many ways and I would love to support you or your child's individual creative interests in an enjoyable and rewarding way.
As an artist I have participated in many exhibitions and I have had three solo exhibitions. As a fashion designer I have participated in London fashion Week and competitions and I have won several awards. I work on my own personal fashion and art projects and I tutor students that love creating and would like to improve their skills.

Teaching Experience:
I specialised in Fashion Design and Marketing at the University of the Arts, Central Saint Martins, London. I have a Bachelor's Degree in Pedagogy of Teaching Fine Arts and I have experience as an Art Teacher in the High School of Natural Sciences.

I have a Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Arts and Fashion as well which gives me knowledge to widely cover tutoring in art and fashion creative field from 6 years of age to adults.

I have helped several students to create a sketchbook for GCSE exam and a portfolio to present to university exams. I have students who study at Central Saint Martins, UAL.

Tutoring Approach:
I am passionate about what I do and I would love to share my experience and knowledge in art, design crafts and the fashion industry with any individual interested in:
• Sketching and drawing with charcoals and pencils, watercolours, acrylic and oil paint.
• Exploration of materials, process and techniques;
• Inspiring innovative ideas & concepts, research and predicting trends;
• Pattern, Cutting and Sewing Lessons;
• Looking at fabric types and where to source fabrics; how to choose the right fabric for your design;
• Help students with creative art & design portfolios and university projects, to professionals requiring assistance with projects.
One-to-one sessions are a great opportunity to work on every personality needs and skills and to help to enable to produce the best creative product.

I also run weekly Art Classes in my studio with small groups of students. It is a good opportunity to see how other students approach the same theme and solve problems such as composition, perspective, shading, colour scheme, etc.

Contact me now including information on what subject are you interested in, age, current skill level and school marks of the student. I can offer you online lessons if you live too far to commute to my studio at Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Originally a ceramic designer working in the pottery industry I am based in Stoke on Trent. I worked for The Wedgwood group producing designs for companies, airlines and hotels such as The Waldorf, Langhams, Marks and Spencer and Concorde.
Having retired from designing and teaching I now love to paint, usually in large format and in acrylic. I also enjoy oil, watercolour and pastel chalks. My sketchbook follows me wherever I go.

Teaching Experience:
I started as I Design and Technology teacher in secondary and finished as head of Art and head of Design and Technology in middle school. After twenty three years I have specialised in scale model making, three dimensional artworks and inter-active artwork.

Tutoring Approach:
Design is the essence. I have a strong conviction in all my work and a strong desire to pass on that conviction to others.
From Leonardo to Thomas Heatherwick I believe that Art and Design is alive and forging our futures.

Subjects

Personal Description:
My passion for Art, Crafts and Design has been of paramount importance to me and sharing my knowledge and skills to all learners in these subjects.I have been drawing, painting and designing for over 40 years. I qualified as a Printed Textile Designer from Polytechnic of East London, on the BA Hons in Combined Studies Course.

From this I gained a valuable insight into the fashion and textiles industry, working with design studios. My love for creating designs continued on to the Masters Degree course at Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, where I worked for Terence Conan Design Studios.

I developed an excellent rapport with artists and designers in the industry and decide, after several years of working for top high Street retailers as a fashion and textile designer, to build my own company up whilst teaching in Further Education. I became Head of the Fashion and Textiles Course in a top London college. Here all my students on the BTEC Diploma Level 3 and Level 4 courses gained work placements with Vivienne Westwood, Zandra Rhodes and many more. Many entered into their first choice Universities with my knowledge of putting their portfolios together and teaching life drawings to accompany their portfolios.

After having taught Fashion, Textiles and Art and Design for many years, I decided to challenge my other passion in Fitness. With my qualifications as Tutor and Assessor, I began delivering gym and personsal training courses to 16 to 18 year olds and 19 plus learners.

Currently, I am delivering mixed-media techniques to all age groups and organisations. I love what I do and love seeing my participants flourish.

Teaching Experience:
Art
Adults/Sixth Form/FE Colleges/Universities - one to one tutoring, group workshops.Portfolio preparation, drawing, painting, photography, sketchbook work

Design
Textiles, fashion design, illustration, visual communications, printmaking, art therapy with the use of colours

Crafts
3D construction with mixed media, tile design, ceramics, mosaics, jewellery design

Tutoring Approach:
Art,Design, Crafts...

All lessons will involve practical sessions, to include drawing techniques, perspective and visual skills, along with demonstrations handouts with overviews of the lesson and some homework for the next class (eg. Recording visual drawings, research and ideas in a sketchbook with specific tasks. Annotations will also be encouraged in sketchbook work.

Depending on age groups and examining boards, we will focus on how to achieve best results to prepare for exam situations, as well as for portfolio preparations and interviews.

Materials will be provided by the learner, however, I will be able to suggest what to purchase, and bring materials to experiement with if they are not readily available.

Most importantly, lessons will be tailored to your child's or your personal needs. Suggested visits to certain museums, events will be beneficial and discussed during the lessons, when appropriate. Contextual Studies will be looked at initially to have a better understanding of the subject or project devised.

Tutorial sessions will involve realistic scenarios, workbooks and guidance to achieve the level required to pass any exam or tests.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Artist, illustrator, graphic design BA MA
Combining teaching and learning of art and design with fun. individuals, groups, anyone wanting to explore their inner creative.

Teaching Experience:
Brent Art and Libraries London

BA Hons Degree Course Westminster University and Hong Kong Poly University.

Artist in residence tutor, Lyndons Arts Trust London working with schools also mentoring young artists

Tutoring Approach:
Focus in recent years on drawing, thinking through drawing and creative thinking.
Collage, painting and combining observational drawing with exploration of the Imagination.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Background:
• BA (hons) Fine Art,
• Master of Fine Art Photography
• Photography teacher with 20 + years experience.

Enhanced DBS (on update service)


Please contact me if you are struggling to access tutoring financially as I may be able to offer discounts.

Please Note: Any tutoring must be booked within 3 months of request

Teaching Experience:
Experience in Levels:
• GCSE, AS, A2, City & Guilds
• Outreach, youth work, Access (to degree)
• BA photography.
• MA / MFA photography

Subjects Offered:
• Digital photography
• Analogue film photography and alternative processes.
• Art and design
• Reading and writing

Key Skills:
• Adult Mental Health Aware (MHFA England)
• Safeguarding Essentials (CYLiX)
• Emergency First Aid in the Workplace (St. Johns' Ambulance)
• Adobe Suite
• Microsoft Office Suite


Work Place Experience:
• Tutor / technical instructor BA/MFA - University for creative arts (UCA Farnham)
• Photography teacher - The Royal School, Haslemere, Surrey.
• Photography teacher / outreach placements - Alton College, Alton, Hampshire
• Facilitator art-based workshops - community hubs in Surrey and Hampshire
• Outreach Youth Hubs - Hampshire Youth Service

Tutoring Approach:
With a strong foundation in teaching, creative practice, and hands-on support roles, I offer a compassionate, adaptable, and proactive approach to education.
I've worked across a wide range of settings, from secondary and further education to 1:1 tution, SEND, hub-based art and craft sessions developing excellent communication skills, emotional resilience, and the ability to manage complex responsibilities with empathy and professionalism.
Learning should be fun and relaxed, and as such my approach is very practice based.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have been teaching for 14 years, specialising in Art and Craft at GCSE and A level. I have a PhD in Art Education and a first class honors in Fine Art. I have worked for AQA exam board for several years and Eduqas/WJEC Exam board so I understand the mark scheme very well for all arts courses and this helps me to get excellent results for my learners. I also have an MA in Creativity for the professions. I have studied sculpture, collage, printmaking, painting, mixed media, drawing, life drawing, textiles, art history, photography and critical thinking. I am a very personable, friendly and encouraging person. I love supporting students and helping them to reach their potential.

Teaching Experience:
I have been teaching for nearly 14 years, specialising in Art and Craft at GCSE and A level. I have a PhD in Art Education and a first class honors in Fine Art. I have taught in the UK, the Congo, France and Tuscany.

I have had several 1-1 tuttees. I have also delivered art workshops for primary school children and adults, as well as teenagers.

I teach an adult art class weekly and lots of one off art and craft workshops for a range of ages.

Tutoring Approach:
I am a very personable, friendly and encouraging person. I love supporting students and helping them to reach their potential. I am a good listener and a creative thinker. I am always able to offer suggestions to benefit students marks in a friendly way. I always see the best in my tuttees and encourage them to enhance their grades by clear guidance.

I offer practical support with demonstrations of techniques.

I ask my students what it is they would like to learn and continually adjust my teaching style to meet their needs.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I hold a Fine Arts Degree with Specialized Honors, a Bachelor of Education from the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE) in Toronto. I have taught Visual Art and Design, Film, Art History and History as well as Arts Business and Small Business Marketing courses. I have also been a long term supply teacher in various subject areas including languages (I speak French and Italian and have studied primary German); English Literature, Biology, Social Sciences and even Yoga. I am also a professional artist who has lived and exhibited internationally in North America, Europe and Asia.

Teaching Experience:
I have taught since 1997 in many secondary and college levels as well as one on one online and in person.
A full list of experience is available upon request.

Tutoring Approach:
I employ observation and interaction, diagnostic tactics and tests according to curriculum. Lessons should be well planned and organized, and the planning should
clearly demonstrate that the lesson will address the needs of individual students.-Engaging knowledge itself to taking students from mere complacency to passion.

I am an international artist who has lived in many different parts of the world.
I am a business woman with many accolades.
I also speak Italian and French and am ready to influence those interested in these languages with the history, art, music, film and food of these cultures.

Subjects

Personal Description:
My name is Josephine and I'm 32 years old. I'm Danish but have lived in London since 2014 when I did my BA in Fine Art.
I have a Master's Degree in Animation Film from The Royal College of Art.
The past 8 months I've lived in Hebden Bridge between Manchester and Leeds to open our first Studio in FedUP Studio Lab, the production company where I work part time. My role is producer and assistant creative director. I'm a freelancer director in the company as well.
I'm currently living in London where I also arrange workshops in art and animation with galleries, UAL and FedUP Studio Lab. I'm enthusiastic, and I have a great love for knowledge and teaching as much as making films and art.

I enjoy tutoring because the process between student and tutor is wonderful. I learn just as much as my students and when you have worked hard for a while and start to see a shift in their behaviour when studying - understanding or producing - and they end up challenging you or teaching you instead, that is absolutely fantastic. It is the curiosity, development, hard work and shared knowledge.

Teaching Experience:
For the past 3 years I have done several workshops at Chelsea College of Art and Design in Fine Art for their 1st and 2nd year students.
I'm currently managing and teaching workshops for adults in animation as part of FedUP Studio Lab.

I have many years of experience teaching and tutoring. I always follow through and I have happily seen my students come out with high scores, diplomas or perfect portfolios, getting into their dream college.

I have taught art and creative writing at the Baytree Centre in Brixton, a women's centre. I taught 11-15 year old girls.
In Denmark I was a substitute teacher at a public school for 2 years. I taught primary and secondary students in Danish, History, English, French, Music, Art and Crafts.
Over the years I have assisted a Danish artist in teaching art, craft and design to adults in short master classes and longer courses around Denmark.
For 2 years I have taught jewellery making in Copenhagen as part of my job in a big jewellery shop.
For 4 years I was head of a regional department of Red Cross Youth in Denmark where I taught my 20 volunteers charity work, management, activity and project management. Besides managing all of our services and activities, collaborating with all the public schools and libraries and running the department in close communication with our headquarter, I also participated in some of our school clubs and activities as a volunteer, tutoring kids and youngsters with dyslexia and kids from challenging homes.

Tutoring Approach:
Not one child, teenager or adult is the same. I believe in one-to-one tutoring so students get the special attention they require and get the best out of my lessons. My lessons are tailored to whatever the student require.

Depending on subject, the lesson-plan varies and the workload too. I make sure I know what the purpose of the lesson is so to understand what goal we want to achieve. Is it long-term learning, is it a portfolio with a specific deadline, or preparations for an interview. Is it more about giving a child the time and need to understand and enjoy learning or are we working from a school designed curriculum with specific topics, scores and exams. All of this needs to be taken into account to give the best tutoring and lesson plans with the best output.
I have helped school children, high school students and college students before, looking at past papers or portfolios they have completed, finding weaknesses or difficulties we have then targeted to improve their work and seen some remarkable results.
I understand how to take complex material and textbooks and turn it into digestible information.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am an experienced and enthusiastic art tutor, with over 15 years experience of devising and facilitating art sessions for a variety of learners, including primary aged children, secondary students, as well as F.E. learners.

I currently work in a primary school as an art teacher, developing and delivering inspiring, cross curricular schemes of work that offer children across the primary age range the opportunity to strengthen skills, experiment with their creativity and gain confidence in a variety of art forms.

I also work as a professional illustrator. In this role I have worked with many clients, including educational consultants as well as having my worked featured in editorial/electronic publications.

Teaching Experience:
Through various positions, including art teacher and gallery-educator, I have worked with a variety of learners, from primary school classes, looked after children, as well as young people with additional needs. I have led activities in formal learning environments, as well as alternative settings: galleries, parks, and outdoor community spaces. The quality of my teaching is of a high standard, creating memorable, immersive learning opportunities that provoke the imagination of all participating.

Tutoring Approach:
Working with students, I offer clear learning goals based upon their area of interest/study.
Each session incorporates time to play and explore, as well as engagement in active learning and time to make links and change approach if necessary. Students are empowered to have high expectations of themselves and are key drivers in their own schooling, evaluating targets set and planning their next steps.

I offer a broad range of activities, incorporating independent hands-on tasks as well as collaborative exercises, which offer an appropriate level of challenge for participants. I am able to establish effective teaching strategies, ensuring that standards are achieved and sustained and that each student is positively progressing.

Throughout the process, I offer opportunities to check for understanding, which aids self-evaluation and reflection, highlighting areas that needed to be modified based upon changing circumstances/new ideas and so I am able to adapt my teaching to meet pupil's needs - academic, social, emotional and behavioural.

I always provide feedback (verbal/written) in a timely and sensitive manner, offering detailed explanations and examples, taking into account the diverse learners participating.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hailing from a small town of Gondia, I started my journey as a student who was exploring himself through various experiences of knowing, believing and imagining. We all live stories, we all are stories and hence I am searching those stories and exploring myself painting every possible canvas.
​
Graduated as an Architect, I started working as a set designer with Art Director and Filmmaker Omung Kumar. A long-cherished dream of being a part of the Visual-Storytelling industry landed me to New York Film Academy, Los Angeles where I studied Film making- an absolute Visual Art form.

I have been an Associate Producer and Production Designer in an Indonesian web series '19 Letters' directed and produced by Dinda Unaroma.
I worked as a Graphic Designer, illustrator and Art Director in the prestigious US based magazines like 'Vanichi Fashion' and 'Impact Relevance Mag'
​
As they say ART knows no boundaries and I believe everything artistic is somewhat collaborative. During 2017 I along with my creative friends, we setup our own architecture and interior design firm 'Tales & Details'. In T&D we have been successfully delivering the hospitality and residential projects based in the city of oranges Nagpur.
​
One such venture I proudly cherish and co-own is an event company where we get to design and setup colourful and happy weddings and the other events.
​
I have been inspired by the literatures of various personalities like Candace Bushnell, Salman Rushdie, Paulo Coelho. Likewise Poetries of Rumi left a deep impact over my works. I also seek inspiration from my travel experiences.
​
​
'Everything you can IMAGINE is REAL' -Picasso

Teaching Experience:
Curated art competitions in Mumbai and Nagpur for JCI club.

Tutoring Approach:
Most important is to make student understand the art and its small details. The purpose to study any subject is important before studying it.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have a MA in Production Design for Film and Television from Kingston University and a BA Hons in Furniture Design and Applied Arts from Edinburgh College of Art. I have worked in the film and television industry since 2004. I lead large teams of specialist designers, art directors, junior assistants, crafts people and construction teams. And I collaborate closely with other experts within the industry including cinematographers, directors and screenwriters.

A production designer designs the worlds in which the TV Drama or film is set. That includes working with location people to choose locations in which to film - and building sets in studios. It can also involve working closely with SFX teams. The role juggles creative vision with practical project management. It's a collaborative media/ industry and relies heavily on communication skills- visual and verbal.

Teaching Experience:
I've tutored students looking to win a place in art schools/universities and specialist creative high schools. Students looking to better their results at A level, and I've taught larger classes of young adults in university and workshops. I help my four year old with his art and design too : )

Tutoring Approach:
My approach depends on the students needs and I am very flexible. I can work in a very focused way with the students brief on course curriculum. Or more loosely- developing verbal and practical skills for a portfolio for art school/media design or communication courses. I'm down to earth and structured in my approach.

If it's face to face tutoring, I may charge a small fee for travel time/costs dependent on how far away and dependent on whether the session is one or two hours long, etc. Please message me for further details, thanks.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hi I'm Millie, I completed my BA in Art and Design at the University of Leeds in 2021 and have worked in arts education since. I love sharing my enthusiasm for art with others and expanding my own knowledge and practice wherever possible.

Teaching Experience:
I have been supporting and teaching art in special education settings for 4 years, as well as in art studios and to private clients. My teaching style blends theoretical and practical knowledge to provide an all-round art education. Taking sessions at the student's pace and personalising sessions to suit your interests is my specialty.
We will begin by establishing what your aims are for our sessions together. I then tailor the topics and artists studied to your art style and interests. I can share my teaching materials after the sessions as required so you can retain the information and refer back to it as needed.

Tutoring Approach:
For those working towards a qualification, I can teach in line with the chosen exam board content and marking criteria. Qualifications include (but are not limited to) GCSE, IGCSE, A Level, IB and Further Education qualifications. I also offer sessions to individuals wishing to further their practice or theoretical understanding on their own pathway.

Subjects