Winchmore Hill Reading & Writing skills Tutors and Winchmore Hill Reading & Writing skills Tuition

Personal Description:
I am a Marine Biologist (PhD) and lecturer in Education. I am currently based in North Berwick, Scotland and have a wide-range of interests such as paddle-boarding, kayaking, hiking, cooking and spending time with my family and friends. I am available for online tutoring in the evenings and the weekends (anytime) and face-to-face for North Berwick.

Teaching Experience:
I have taught English as a Foreign Language for 22 years in the UK and in Japan. I have also worked with students with learning difficulties, which I enjoy very much. I tutor Biology to students across the world including University level and Science up to G.C.S.E /Nat 5.

Tutoring Approach:
Exam technique, technical language, repetition-based learning (English as a foreign language). Kinaesthetic learning.
Patient approach, with the aim of student's gaining confidence in the subject area.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I currently Subject Lead in Art and Design in a secondary school in Bishops Stortford and have a first class honours degree in Illustration and extensive skills in digital media including web design, image manipulation and design for print. Particular strengths of mine are life drawing and painting. I also have skills in textiles, quilt making, sewing and other crafts. I often like to introduce my students to new ways of working by combining media in creative ways. I have a PGCE in Secondary Art and Design as well as an MA in Art and Design in Education. I have successfully led groups of students through GCSE and A level courses in Art, Design, Graphics and Photography for over 13 years. I enjoy the creative process, especially when it is shared with others and I pride myself on helping students achieve the highest levels in public examinations. My students regularly achieve A*/level 9 and in the June 2024 series one of my A level students was commended as receiving one of the highest marks in the country from the exam board OCR. I can also advise on higher education courses and portfolio presentation for university application.

Teaching Experience:
I currently subject lead in a successful secondary school in Bishops Stortford I have worked in three schools across East London as part of my PGCE course and I have subsequently completed my NQT year in Dagenham Park Church of England School where I successfully led students of all ages through KS3, KS4 and KS5 curriculum and examination requirements.

Tutoring Approach:
If you are struggling with any area of art and design I can help you. I have outstanding teacher residuals and I regularly radically improve my students grades; whether you are aiming for a C grade pass or want to push yourself to an A* at KS5 or level 9 at GCSE I can help you meet your targets.

I am available to tutor in students homes if appropriate however I also have a home studio equipped with screen printing equipment, sewing machine and ample working space, as well as digital imaging software. I can provide basic equipment with ease, additional costs may be needed for larger projects. I am available every evening and weekend during the days for tutoring.

Ideally guidance on coursework projects/ideas for personal creative study would be where my skills would be best utilised. I work successfully with a wide array of students on many different creative projects.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a Primary trained school teacher with experience in both KS1 and KS2.
I am a mother with three children, one of which had learning problems as a KS1 child, and understand the frustration of the learner and anxiety the parent feels.

Teaching Experience:
Special needs teaching 1:1
1:1 private tuition
10 years Primary KS1 & KS2

Tutoring Approach:
I enjoy helping children reach their potential by being patient and understanding and helping my tutee's discover their most suited method and style for learning, in the area that they find challenging.
I teach using visual, auditory and kinesthetic methods, depending on my pupils learning style.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I work in tutoring, teaching and PhD proof-reading. I am currently working in local colleges as an English GCSE teacher. I am currently tutoring students in English GCSE and A-Level.

I am also tutoring younger students in their creative writing. I am interested in drama, poetry and art. I have performed spoken-word poetry in Manchester and headlined a couple of nights.

I have 12 years' experience teaching A-Level and GCSE English, as well as tutoring and teaching Latin. I also have experience of teaching English to other language speakers. I have also worked with adults taking the written elements of practical exams, such as massage and nail-tech.

Teaching Experience:
I have worked for six years as a tutor to students aged 10 and over, helping with English, Maths, Latin and Creative Writing.

For the past ten summers I have taught university entrance and study-skills at Southampton University, helping students to improve their essay-writing and critical reading.

I am also confident in being able to explain English grammar and writing structure in a fun and interesting way and I can also help students prepare for university courses and to study A-Levels and Access courses.

I have also taught Latin, Study Skills and GCSE Maths. I have designed and run a Latin evening course, as well as several programmes of creative writing for children.

Tutoring Approach:
I like to make lessons interesting and encourage students to work creatively. We can work together to discuss an upcoming or recent exam and look at the strategy. We can also look at the syllabus and decide which aspects to focus on. Often it helps to work on structure and on managing time effectively in exams.

I believe that learning can combine fun and practical skills, such as self-editing, lateral thinking and creativity. These skills will help students pass formal exams through overall writing confidence.

Students need to enjoy the subject in order to understand it fully. When they approach questions from a position of confidence and relaxation, they can answer them more effectively. This sometimes involves discussion of the topics involved, especially when studying literature.

A tutor works best when they are providing an alternative to school-based education and a good tutor will enable their student to explore around a topic and to discuss any particular issues and concerns.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hemananda (Ravi)
Motivational and patient tutor with 25+ years' experience in IT and education. I simplify complex topics using real-world examples, interactive Q&A, and tailored practice. My lessons build confidence, clarity, and lasting understanding. With international exposure and deep technical expertise, I guide students through software engineering, programming, databases, and business concepts with precision and empathy. I'm currently writing a book to make Software Engineering more practical and accessible for learners and professionals alike.

I am well versed with the following development tools, databases and software:
- Python, Numpy, Pandas, R
- Machine Learning (KNN algorithm, Naïve Bayes, Neural Network, Decision Tree, etc.)
- PHP
- Visual Basic .Net, ASP .Net
- Oracle Apex
- Oracle Forms 6i, 9i, 10g
- Oracle Reports 6i, 9i, 10g
- Oracle SQL Loader
- Oracle Designer 6i, 9i, 10g
- Oracle Discoverer 10g (Discoverer Plus 10g, Discoverer Viewer 10g)
- Visual Basic 6.0, C, C++, 4D, Windev, Forms Designer, Prescribe, HTML, Java, Javascript,
- Microsoft Front Page, Macromedia Dreamweaver, Flash, Image Composer, XML, Seagate Crystal Reports, Microsoft Project, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Powerpoint
- Microsoft Access, Oracle Database 8, Oracle Database 8i, Oracle Database 9i, Oracle Database 10g, and Ms SQL Server, Oracle Database Express Edition

Teaching Experience:
I have been offering private tuitions since 2001 for a side income as well as for charity purposes. My students were:
1. Primary students (Mathematics, English, French, Computer Studies/IT)
2. Secondary students (Mathematics, Statistics, Accounting, Economics, Computer Studies/IT)
3. Tertiary students (Mathematics, Accounting, Computer Studies/IT), including British Computer Society (BCS) students
Notes:
(a) I am very pleased that one of my BCS students topped the Software Development module including the Database Management Systems module examinations in Mauritius.
(b) I have assisted more than 50 students in their final year IT project (including the analysis/design/development of the system).
(c) I am also proud to say that after more than 3 failed attempts in renowned institutions, I have succeeded in getting 8 BCS students to be through the Software Development module examinations in their first 6 months being tutored by me.

I have equally provided training courses on programming (to name a few: Visual Basic, Oracle SQL and PL/SQL, etc..) for at least 8 years.

Tutoring Approach:
Every new batch of tuition starts with getting to know more about the students. It is at the same time important to give the students enough space to familiarise themselves with me. A discussion will then follow to scope down what will be covered in the syllabus. A work plan is also devised with the aim to complete the syllabus well before the examinations, so as to have adequate time for revision. The following steps outline the process of each tuition session:
1. Initiate the subject or topic based on discussion of a real life example / scenario
2. Introduce the theoretical part of the subject or topic
3. Explain how the theory links to the real life example / scenario
4. Work out and explain some examples
5. Immediate evaluation of student's understanding through questions and answers
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 until satisfactory response of the student (steps 1, 2 and 3 may also be repeated if required)
7. Give homework and a brief discussion on what will be covered in the next tuition session

Note: Each tuition session starts with the correction of the previous session's homework and explanation of any problem areas, including a summing up of what was covered in the previous tuition session.

Subjects

Personal Description:
A calm and patient teacher, with a child centred approach

Teaching Experience:
27 years experience in the primary sector

Tutoring Approach:
Able to cater to personal needs and uses a variety of approaches to cater for different learning styles

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a long-time teacher, lecturer, examiner and professional tutor with a patient and supportive approach.

I passed my PhD in English at the University of Leicester. I also hold a Masters with Distinction from Oxford Brookes University and a First Class undergraduate degree from Loughborough University.

Teaching Experience:
I have successfully taught at over ten schools, four major universities and tutored several hundred private students.

In addition to weekly supplementary tutoring, I also offer a homeschool tutoring programme and am happy to take full responsibility for the independent delivery of the curriculum.

I hold qualifications in educational psychology and in supporting adult dyslexia.

At home, I live in Oxfordshire with my wife Kate and two stepsons. I enjoy music festivals, running and long walks with our dog Maple.

Tutoring Approach:
My approach is friendly, gentle and supportive but extremely professional. I aim to combine creative and emotionally engaging teaching with expert subject knowledge.

At the heart of my tutoring is how important it is that a student believes in their own ability to learn and to progress. If there is one word I hear my students kindly use to describe my qualities it would be 'patience'. Yet I never feel like my patience is tested - I love the challenge of finding new, innovative ways to help them understand their subject.

Subjects

Personal Description:
My career as a Teacher of Business Studies merges my three passions in life; Education, Business and People! Whether you are studying for a Phd, GCSE, A Level, learning to read or write, or you just simply want to learn how to study, I would like to help you to reach your academic goal.

My most recent qualification is an Education Doctorate. I have a BA (Hons) degree in Business Studies, a Higher National Diploma in Business & Finance as well as a Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) in Business Education, which allows me to teach Business in Secondary as well as a Further Education teaching qualification.
I hold a current DBS.

I have achieved a Distinction/First Class grade at level 7/Postgraduate Certificate which I completed part-time. This grade was achieved as I employed effective study strategies; which I can deliver to those requiring study support.

Teaching Experience:
I have over 15 years experience teaching Business in schools and colleges in the Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham and Walsall area. I teach GCSE, A Level, BTEC levels 2 and 3 in Business. Also, Economics at GCSE. Ive also taught Travel & Tourism, Public Services, Enterprise and Retail Business, Maths and English

Tutoring Approach:
I will give you all the time you need to understand your subject, whatever the level and whatever your ability so that you are confident to ace that exam.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hi I'm passionate about teaching and supporting students to learn

Teaching Experience:
I'm an experienced teacher who has worked in FE and HE . I have taught 11plus Sociology, Study Skills and Critical thinking. I have a PGCE and have taught ALevels and GCSE and in FE and HE

Tutoring Approach:
I'm very interested in listening and am very flexible but also can create a structure programme of support

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hello my name is Anne-Marie, I am from Ireland but have been living in the UK since 2004. This is now a place I call home. I realised I had a flare for imparting knowledge when I became a basketball trainer at 15, working with Primary and Secondary pupils. I thoroughly enjoyed the experience, saw the progress the pupils I trained had made and knew from that moment that teaching was my vocation as it was and is so rewarding. I now have a 5 year old son who loves reading and writing. He can articulate himself well and it's truly a joy to see. It's amazing the wonder a child sees in learning.

Teaching Experience:
From September this year I have been teaching English, Geography and RE at Beckfoot School in Bingley. I am a tutor as well (GCSE English, KS3 English, Maths and Science). As well as that, I am an EAL teacher to Chinese children online. In the past I have taught English up to GCSE at Laisterdyke Leadership Academy and English and French at Pudsey Grangefield School. In addition to this, l have taught Spanish and French at Carr Manor Community School. I taught the same subjects at St. Bede's and St. Joseph's Catholic College in Bradford from September 2017 to May 2018. Prior to that I was teaching French and Spanish at Cardinal Heenan Catholic High School (formerly a Language College). In addition, I assisted students to prepare for the GCSE German exam. As well as my teaching responsibilities, my pastoral duties included being a Year 10 form tutor. From February to December 2016, I was a teacher of French at Key Stage 3, Spanish at Key Stages 3 and 4 and was responsible for a Year 9 form at Queensbury School. From September 2015 to January 2016, I taught German at Key Stages 3 and 4 and French at Key Stage 3 at Oakbank School in Keighley. I previously worked at Rastrick High School and Sixth Form College where I was a teacher of French at Key Stage 3 and Spanish at Key Stages 3, 4 and 5. I also taught German and PSHCE to Year 9 students, and Accelerated Reading to Year 7 pupils. Four years ago, I was a Year 11 form tutor. This role entailed planner signing, reading and guiding pupils on college and career choices as well as helping them with exam revision skills. During registration, I covered some PSHCE topics and encouraged my tutees to write reviews on the books they were reading in order to find out more about their interests and consequently get to know them better. My form was involved in fundraising activities and have participated in assemblies. As well as that, I have mentored a PGCE student on how to become a form tutor and in addition I had a GTP student in my Key Stage 3 and 4 Spanish classes. In 2015 whilst on maternity leave, I taught Spanish to Years 2 and 6 and French to Years 3 and 4 at a local Primary School on a voluntary basis.

Tutoring Approach:
I like to use an approach that suits the students I teach. I discuss what needs they have and what their interests are and work from there. I like to be well-prepared yet flexible when necessary. I like to do kineasthetic activities to keep the students engaged in their learning and use a variety of resources to enable my students to gain as much confidence when speaking, reading writing etc.

I also create an environment where my students feel safe and at ease when learning meaning they are not afraid to make mistakes and are keen to build on this and see that mistakes are evidence of effort.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Down to earth person, yet methodical and detail oriented.
I believe education and languages are the bridges that can link people from their current circumstances to better opportunities, leaving no one behind.
I am passionate about grammar and reading, I love taking pictures, travelling, watching independent movies and going for exhibitions.

Teaching Experience:
After my Master's in History of Art and a Bachelor in Culture Heritage, I worked for a multicultural organisation that supports foreign women originally from disadvantaged backgrounds; I taught Italian to the adults and helped the children with their homework for one year.
After moving to the UK, one of my first jobs was teaching art classes to pre-schoolers and giving Italian speaking and reading lessons to two children whose parents are bilingual.
In July 2021 I completed the CELTA qualification to teach English as a foreign language and from August 2021 to March 2023 I taught art classes to disadvantaged children in a local Community Centre in South East London.
I am currently teaching English for Everyday and ESOL in an Adult College.
I am also experienced in teaching elderly people how to use Zoom and applications that are part of the Microsoft Office package.

Tutoring Approach:
Relaxed at the beginning: I need to understand why the person wants to learn that specific subject and what outcome they are determined to achieve.
Once this has been established, I become passionate about results as much as the client: their achievement is mine too.
I take pride in what I do and would be available for extra & flexible support to boost confidence if needed.

Subjects

Personal Description:
My name is Kat, and I am a qualified nurse currently pursuing PhD study following working as a Practice Development Nurse at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford.

I live in the beautiful village of Brill, Buckinghamshire, with my 2 year old son, and my husband who splits his time between Brill and Germany. We enjoy being outside, music and eating good food.

I have a passion for people, seeing them realise their potential and exceed their goals. I was a tutor with UK Tutors during my nursing training in 2010-2012, and can't wait to meet new some new tutees.

Teaching Experience:
I have had a range of education / developmental / teaching roles throughout my career, and through delivering education in a variety of settings and through different media I have gained skills which allow me to really focus on the needs of my individual tutees, their current levels of understanding and their end goals.

Curriculum Support Assistant at King Edward VI High School, Morpeth, Northumberland
- 1-2-1 support for students with special educational needs working towards SATs / GCSEs / ALevels in mainstream education
- Through this role I also lead classes for Year 10 PHSE

Peer Support Educator with Sexpression charity
- Delivering sex and relationships education to a range of student groups, from puberty and basic reproduction to young pupils in schools, to contraception advice and sexual health to university students

Online mentor with Brightside charity
- Mentor to school-age students (1-2-1 and teams) with an interest in starting a career within the health and social care sector

Mentor / Practice Supervisor / Practice Assessor (Nursing)
- NMC qualified mentor (now known as Practice Assessor) for nursing/nursing associate students, supporting clinical skill development and achieving professional qualifications

Clinical Practice Educator at John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford
- Provision of practical skills sessions for registered and non-registered practitioners

Practice Development Nurse
- Overseeing staff training needs across Gynaecology, delivery of a range of teaching sessions, including clinical skills, anatomy and physiology, coaching/mentoring-type supervision, professional practice

Tutoring Approach:
I believe tutoring is a partnership, and not lead solely by the tutor. Encouraging tutees to take the lead ensures a truly personal education and ensures holistic learning. The tutee is the only person who knows what they really want to achieve and I work with people to firstly understand their goals, and then make realistic and attainable targets in order to reach those goals.

Subjects

Personal Description:
My name is Adenike. I am a graduate of University of South Wales, with a PGCE in Numeracy /Mathematics. I also had a first degree in Computer Forensics. I have the ability to develop good relationships with students, am patient, caring and kind. I have good oral and written communication skills, l am organise and very detailed.

Teaching Experience:
My acquired skills in the university gave me the opportunity to teach learners mathematics and ICT according to the curriculum requirements, at different settings namely: elementary, high schools and post - compulsory education. I have worked as a supply teacher in various schools in Newport, Cardiff and Barry. I also have had the opportunity to support learners with special education
needs to achieve learning.

Tutoring Approach:
I used various teaching strategies to achieve effective teaching and learning. I prepared learning resources according to the learners need, so they can achieve learning. I also used additional learning resources such as: online maths games, quizzes and cards to achieve effective teaching and learning.
I regularly assess my learners to ensure learners are acquiring all the necessary skills and knowledge to prepare them for the external GCSE examination. All the years, learners have come out in flying colours in their GCSE results at the end of their programmes and they proceed either to the College or University for further studies. Teaching has been very rewarding for me, because l have supported learners that are now fully qualified in various fields and it does make me fulfil in life.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a specialised English teacher who is enthusiastic about his job and is determined in providing tailored lessons that are enjoyable and accessible to his pupils.

I have experience working with a variety of pupils from different socio-cultural and economical backgrounds. I also have experience working with pupils who have different abilities, learning needs and attitudes towards learning. This experience has given me the opportunity to not only develop my teaching skills and build positive working relationships, but has given me the knowledge to provide learning that is accessible to all types of pupils in order for them to progress.

I have experience working with Key Stage 3 and Key Stage 4 pupils. We will work together to:
- Prepare you for any examinations or assessments
- Build on your coursework
- Improve on any particular weaknesses in your knowledge/skills
- Build your confidence so that you are more comfortable with what you are learning

My methods of teaching include:
- Discussions about the work so that the pupil could develop their Oracy skills.
- Analysing model answers so that the pupils are aware of the success criteria required to produce high-level answers.
- Working with past papers so that the pupils are familiar with the conditions in which they would be examined in as well as the questions they would need to answer.
- Independent tasks so that the pupils could develop their thinking skills as well as build on their confidence to work independently.
- Reading and writing tasks so that the pupils could develop their reading and writing skills.
- Creative tasks in order for the pupils to develop their imagination, which in turn would expand on their ability to think outside the box.

You tell me the end goal, and I will tailor the journey to meet your specific needs.

Teaching Experience:
Graduated from Cardiff University in English Language and Literature with a 2:1 classification.

Graduated from University of Wales, Trinity St. David and successfully gained my PGCE qualification.

I have taught in several different schools, all from different socio-cultural and economical backgrounds:
The John Frost School
St. Joseph`s R.C. Comprehensive School and Sixth Form Centre
Llanishen High School
Bishop of Llandaff, Church in Wales High School
Fitzalan High School

I have experience of tutoring/teaching pupils both in-person and online.

Tutoring Approach:
I have been teaching online for several months now due to the Coronavirus lockdown. My typical online lessons include:
- Communicating via Teams or Google Classroom with my pupils.
- Uploading work on Teams or Google Classroom for my pupils.
- A recording of myself going through the work for the pupils to watch.
- A livestream where the pupils can join a meeting and have a virtual lesson.

I am comfortable with teaching both Key Stage 3 and Key Stage 4 pupils online, and I try my best to ensure that my pupils do not feel as if they are missing out on the classroom experience.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Hi! My name is Kathryn and I am a primary school teacher and mummy to two young children. I have been teaching for 9 years and my specialism is Early Years, although I have plenty of experience across the primary age range. I am hoping to do some online tutoring on the side of my day job. I am able to work evenings, weekends and occasional weekday hours. Looking forward to hearing from you and your little ones!

Teaching Experience:
I achieved a BEd in Primary Teaching with specialism of Early Years at Chester University in 2011 and achieved Qualified Teacher Status in 2012. I have always been in a permanent job role and worked my way up to become and Early Years Leader. I am currently teaching in Year 3 and have experience across Foundation Stage, KS1 and KS2.

Tutoring Approach:
I like to build up positive working relationships with children and their families and get to know the learning styles of individual children. I then deliver my tutoring in a way that meets the needs, abilities and interests of the children. This ensures we get the most out of the time we spend together in a session and enables children to work towards their full potential.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a caring and organised educator committed to supporting students in a range of educational areas. I aim to create a stimulating and enjoyable online tutoring experience, promoting a positive and encouraging learning environment. My goal is for each student to not only enjoy learning but also to develop strong communication skills through a trusting and supportive relationship. I maintain regular communication with parents or caregivers and am happy to provide extra online assignments to reinforce learning between sessions.

Teaching Experience:
I am a fully qualified teacher entering my seventh year of practice, with experience teaching Year 2, Year 3, and Year 4. I can provide assessment support during sessions as needed. During my training, I gained valuable experience working with Year R, Year 2, and Year 4. I am also trained in SSP (phonics) and the Little Wandle program, enabling me to support early reading development effectively. Additionally, I have completed CPD training for the Year 4 multiplication check and can offer guidance and support in this area; my current Year 4 students achieved the highest results in the school this year. Beyond primary education, I have tutored students in foundation-level GCSE maths, using past papers to practise and analyse different question types.

Tutoring Approach:
I start by assessing each student's current level and discussing their specific areas of focus, either directly with them or with the adults in their household. From there, I tailor sessions to meet their individual needs. Each session incorporates a variety of activities designed to reinforce existing knowledge while introducing new concepts. Building a strong rapport with students is a priority, helping them feel comfortable and confident, which in turn supports their learning and progress.

I can also help address any learning gaps that may have arisen due to disruptions during the pandemic or any other missed learning reasons.

I have experience supporting children with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND), adapting my approach to meet their unique learning requirements and providing the support necessary for them to thrive in a positive, inclusive environment.

Parents I have worked with have provided positive feedback on the impact of additional tuition, noting improvements in their child's progress as reflected in academic reports and parent-teacher meetings.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I'm 28 years old and have a passion for teaching. I love helping and guiding students to gain success and knowledge in all areas but my favourite part is seeing children feel confident after learning a new skills. I'm kind, approachable and fun! I make learning fun and engaging by using different techniques.

Teaching Experience:
I've been teaching for 4 years but prior to this I worked in as a teaching assistant (TA/PSA). I've done tutoring for the last couple of years and love getting to know students and help them with their needs.

Tutoring Approach:
I cater for the child. I adapt lessons to best suit them. Do they need a bit of extra help to meet their age related expectations or do they need to be pushed higher to gain a level higher. Whatever the needs, I want to help!

Subjects

Personal Description:
Enthusiastic, kind and patient primary school teacher. Have been teaching for 10 years but left full time work to have three children. Have experience in lower secondary too. Specialism in Maths and Phonics but can offer coverage of all subjects. Get in touch to find out more.

Teaching Experience:
Taught all ages within primary school for 10 years.
Have mostly taught early years (age 3-7).
Specialism in teaching early reading, writing and maths.
Whole curriculum coverage.
Also worked for over a year with Year 7 pupils.
Have done supply teaching to keep up to date and stay in touch while having the children to ensure my knowledge is current.

Tutoring Approach:
Each child's tutoring will be personalised to suit their needs. I can offer a creative, challenging, nurturing but structured approach. I am flexible between schemes of work and can adapt to accommodate methods taught by different schools. I am kind, patient and positive to support those who need their confidence building, however have effective behaviour management skills and teachings methods to suit children who may be harder to engage. I have worked with children who are reluctant to go to school and am also happy to work alongside parents homeschooling children.

Subjects