Ware Music Tutors and Ware Music Tuition

Personal Description:
Friendly and informal, I tailor tutoring to individual needs. I am married with a young family and enjoy the flexibility that tutoring gives me with my business hours. I see tutoring as a valuable resource for the student who can gain great insight in a one to one session

Teaching Experience:
I have been a personal tutor for over 12 years, helping many students with maths and sciences, mostly at GCSE level. In addition I have experience as a Lecturer at The University of Huddersfield and at Wakefield District College. Where I taught computer science and I.T.

Since 2000 I have been looking to focus more on music and to develop this as my specialism. I can assist with Music theory up to around Grade 5 and Piano and Keyboards from beginner to intermediate level.

Tutoring Approach:
Individually tailored to the student. I prefer a sytematic approach, followed up by individual study by the student. I regularly assess student progress to ensure full understanding and encourage background reading for breadth of knowledge.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a composer /teacher of over 28 yrs experience with many major international musical venue performances, author of books in music, and many years experience of teaching at universities, music conservatories and privately from the age of 14 to adults.

Teaching Experience:
Many years experience as a teacher of flute, harmony and counterpoint, composition, theory, Music history and form, ear training, song writing, arrangements, orchestration and music technology in Music Schools, collages, academies and universities .
All genres of music taught, from classical to rock. Crash courses given in rhythm, music theory and ear training. All levels catered for from beginners to advanced. GCSE, A level, BA and all levels of further education.

Tutoring Approach:
I teach a sound technique which helps the student reach higher levels of appreciation, creativity and ability, building at the same time a confidence in expression and understanding. Single students as well as small groups are welcome! Consultation lesson is free and there is a reduced rate for termly bookings.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Iain was born in 1986 in Dundee, Scotland into a large musical family, so unsurprisingly making music was all that he wanted to do from an early age. He first began to learn the trumpet in school aged seven, before joining his local brass band Dundee Instrumental on cornet at the age of ten. By the age of twelve, Iain had been promoted to principal cornet, a position he later went on to hold with several of Scotland's top bands, also including the National Youth Brass Band of Scotland. Many solo competitions were won along the way - including the junior section at the British Open Solo Championships at age eleven. Having gained two Trinity College diplomas before the age of eighteen, Iain took the advice of teacher David James and moved south to study music at the University of Salford, where his playing really began to blossom. Since then Iain has held positions as principal cornet with many of the UK's leading brass bands including his current seat with the world renowned Leyland Band. He has enjoyed many successful contest and concert performances, and is fast establishing a reputation as one of the finest cornet soloists of his generation, performing, adjudicating and giving master-classes as far afield as the USA, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Japan. In 2009 Iain was the recipient of a prestigious Dewar Arts award, awarded for performance in trumpet. This award allowed him to complete his postgraduate studies at Salford, graduating with an MA in Music (performance) in 2010. Iain is now a cornet tutor at the University of Salford where he is also undertaking researchinto focal dystonia in musicians, working towards a PhD. Iain recorded and released his first solo CD entitled "Vanguard" in August 2012, a release which has been met with great critical acclaim and has fast proven popular.

Iain is also an experienced guitarist and teacher of electric and acoustic guitar as well as the bass guitar.

Teaching Experience:
Salford University, Sefton Music Service, Love Music Trust, numerous private students, masterclasses and private teaching all over the UK as well as in the Netherlands, Denmark, USA, Japan, to name but a few.

Tutoring Approach:
Specialise in advanced students, performance, performance psychology, embochure related problems, and treatment of focal dystonia as well as other performance related problems.

Subjects

Personal Description:
PSYCHOLOGY
I have a BSc (First Class Honours) in Psychology from Brunel University (2007), and a PhD in Psychology from the University of Cambridge (2011). I have worked as a research fellow and subsequently as a psychology lecturer at various universities in the U.K. My research is mainly in social, health and cognitive psychology, but I also teach research methods (both quantitative and qualitative methodologies), statistics and SPSS, as well as effective academic writing, including dissertations and research projects. In addition, I have sufficient competence in personality (i.e., individual differences) and clinical psychology to be able to teach these at undergraduate level. I have published over a dozen peer-reviewed articles, including some in world-leading journals, and have over 1300 academic citations of my research. Some of my research interests are: The attitude-behaviour relationship, behavioural interventions, motivation, cognition, and emotion, dual-process models of cognition, cognitive dissonance, self-affirmation, and information processing, emotional intelligence, mindfulness, health psychology, meta-cognition and self-knowledge, persuasion and social influence, intelligence and problem-solving, psychology of music, and psychology of religion.

PHILOSOPHY/CRITICAL THINKING/RELIGIOUS STUDIES
In my own research in psychology, I have drawn on several philosophical ideas, and have integrated different philosophical perspectives into my work. In addition to critical thinking, I am able to teach humanistic philosophy, social cognition, epistemology, existentialism, and related areas. I also teach how to build philosophical arguments for academic and commercial purposes. In terms of religious studies, I have a particular interest in the Abrahamic faiths, as well as Hinduism, Buddhism, and related philosophies.

MUSIC
I am a performer and teacher of Indian classical music (Northern style), and teach the instruments of dilruba, esraj, taus, taar shehnai and a bit of sarangi. I have been learning for 18 years, and been performing for the last 10 years. I teach beginners and intermediate students in basic and advanced raagas (from Yaman to Darbari) and taalas. I also teach vocal and harmonium.

ENGLISH LITERATURE
I specialise in creative writing, particularly short stories, and can teach students techniques in textual analysis and interpretation, especially using the hermeneutic method. I am also interested in how characters in stories (all genres) are given psychological depth, as well as how story structure and character development go hand-in-hand.

URDU
Urdu is my mother tongue, and is one of four languages that I speak fluently. I can teach beginners and intermediate students in grammar, reading and writing, as well as conversations. And I also teach advanced students in conversation. My particular interests in Urdu literature are 18th and 19th century poetry, especially ghazals.

DANISH
I am a native speaker of Danish, and spent the first 22 years of my life there. I can teach all levels of the language and its literature. Some of the key authors that I have an interest in are Søren Kierkegaard, Karen Blixen, H C Anderson, and we can also discuss Danish film, cinema, and culture. Danish is very similar to Swedish and Norwegian so by learning Danish you will be able to read those languages quite well, and you might be able to understand speech in those languages to some extend. There is also some overlap between Danish and German, though not as much.

Teaching Experience:
I taught psychology to undergraduates at the University of Cambridge from 2008-2011. I then taught at King's College London from 2011-2014, followed by the University of Bath from 2014-2017 and then Bath Spa University from 2017-2022. I also supervise BSc, MSc, and doctoral students. I'm currently lecturing at the University of Hertfordshire.

Tutoring Approach:
I aim to use an interactive approach that encourages active involvement of the tutee. My main goal during tuition sessions is to stimulate an interest in the subject and facilitate independent and critical thinking. This, I believe, allows the tutee to become an independent thinker and to enjoy the learning process, which is rewarding for both parties.

Subjects

Personal Description:
My interest in music began at primary school. I took instrumental lessons in flute and vocal tuition at the early age of 7 and piano aged 10. After quickly becoming involved in choirs, orchestras and solo performances I managed to achieve two music scholarships into two Independent schools.

Currently aged 21, I am a recent Music graduate from Bath Spa University. My studies included Opera, Singing, Composition, Performance, Musicology and Community Music. I have covered an extensive variety of repertoire, on all instruments, and performed on a number of occasions. Performances have taken place at St. Peters Basilica, The Pantheon, St. Peters Square, Bath Abbey, Wells Cathedral, Corsham Court, St Michaels Without, Worcester Cathedral, Bath Assembly Rooms and low key events such as termly school concerts and voluntary performances to the elderly.

Alongside teaching, I am interested in providing music-making workshops to local schools. I am also in discussion with the Worcestershire communities, to provide singing sessions for the elderly. Singing provides great enjoyment to many people, and working with community choirs is another factor of teaching I am interested in, as choral music is another great passion of mine. I enjoy composing new music and was honoured with having a recent Christmas composition performed in Bath Abbey's carol service.

Teaching Experience:
Alongside my studies, I have taught mainly piano to a handful of students. I enjoy teaching and consequently on the lookout for any new pupils of all abilities, who are seeking tuition.

Tutoring Approach:
I am passionate about teaching, and believe it's important that all lessons are fun and enjoyable for any pupil. Lesson's include a variety of activities in order to aid different learning styles, from listening to cd's, learning basic music theory and using colour to brighten up scores. For young beginners, I think that it is important to keep in touch with parents, so write in a notepad on a weekly basis about what practice is required for improvement.

I am CRB checked and can offer lessons during the daytime, evening or weekends. I am happy to travel to local areas of Redditch. For any further information, please do not hesitate to get in contact.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have been teaching for 12 years in a range of schools across Teesside. I will support children to achieve their best no matter what ability they are. I will work alongside and their current school to support what they find difficult. I use a range of strategies and resources to engage and enthuse my students so that they can achieve their potential. I provide a fun and friendly atmosphere in order for my students to achieve. Being a Primary Teacher I have taught all Primary subjects but my strengths are in Maths, English, ICT, Science and Music. Some of my parents said about me: "You have been such a positive influence on our daughter and she has loved having you as her teacher". "You are an exceptional tutor and I feel that the loss of your ability and personality will significantly reduce the fabric of the school". "Thank you for all that you have done for our son during Year 3. He has enjoyed everyday of school and I believe that is down to you".

Teaching Experience:
I have taught in a range of schools across Teesside but have always upheld the same vision. My vision for education is one where every child is both different and special. Although each child may learn in different ways I believe that, if they are to learn to their full potential they need to be exposed to a well balanced, broad and meaningful curriculum. It is important that they are provided with a learning environment that not only facilitates their learning by different strategies but one in which the children want to learn and have fun. I believe that an atmosphere where the children are not afraid to make mistakes, where what they are learning is relevant and one in which they are treated fairly, irrespective of their social background, colour or gender, will help them to become independent learners. I believe that children have a right to their own opinions and must be encouraged to respect the opinions of others when differing from their own. They also have a right not to be bullied, ridiculed or intimidated.

Tutoring Approach:
I have tutored on a 1:1 basis during my time in school, helping one child get from L3 to L4 in maths in Year 6. My approach was to reinforce what the child needed and to always put their needs first. I would use anything that I felt appropriate that would engage and get the best out of my students. I am an energetic, hardworking person who is fully committed to raising standards. I provide a friendly and fun learning environment with excellent management skills whilst having high expectations from the children. I am not afraid to take risks that challenge the children and to introduce new methods in my teaching in order to get the best out of my students, myself and that make my lessons fun and exciting. The student is the priority in the lesson and I am prepared to make sure that they succeed in what they are trying to achieve no matter what stage the child is at.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a Chinese Student from University of Leicester. My major is Financial and Economic, but I have been learned Guzheng -Traditional Chinese Instrument 10 years and obtain the certification of 10 levels. Guzheng is a plucked, half-tube zither with movable bridges and 21 strings, and has a large resonant cavity made from wutong wood. The performer is able to differentiate between stronger melodic lines and softer accompaniment patterns by using finger plectra on the fingers of her right hand. This can also be used to give effective dynamic contrasts.

Teaching Experience:
Since I obtained some certification in the filed, and taken part in the International Idol for the first prize.
Since I have taught the Guzheng class in half years in China.

Tutoring Approach:
The students need come to my house, i will be teaching face to face.
i will teach the fingering and simple music to practice.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Based in Winchester, a human-first tutor with a focus on individualised research-based pedagogy. A History graduate from the University of Southampton, trainee teacher with freelance drama coach and private tutoring experience for a range of subjects, specialising in Drama and History, but able to teach Maths and English to a high standard also, if required. I am engaging and enthusiastic, wishing to pass on those traits to any prospective tutee. I love learning and wish to continue doing so my whole life, but I also love sharing knowledge too! I always strive to inspire students to have the same enthusiasm for learning that I do, an enthusiasm which is the key to success in any subject.

Teaching Experience:
I have a variety of experiences in arts projects, including a community choir startup, primary age drama coaching and being an international award winning director. I am currently transitioning my educational skillset into the environment of a secondary school classroom through a school-led ITT program with full QTS status to be awarded next summer.

Tutoring Approach:
I take a very individualised approach. I am a human-first teacher, with a strong belief that the student's particular needs should be catered to in order to help them reach their potential, rather than force them into a universal approach to learning. I have specialist training in research-orietated educational techniques with a passion for 1:1 tutition, including effective modelling and scaffolding mechanisms that allow students to access the content at their specific level.

I approach tutoring with a synthesis of instilling a passion for the suject and having high expectations for my Tutees, aiming to stretch every last ounce of success out of them, through an approach which focuses on encouragement rather than pressure. We always move forward positively towards these high expectations, rather than feel burdened by them. This is the best recipe for consistent, healthy progress.

Subjects

Personal Description:
All classes start next week online. New for this year I have small group classes in my premises in Benfleet, Essex. These are aimed at Year 10 - catching up on Literature and also Year 11 Exam Practice, essay writing and creative writing, an important skill for gaining a really good English Language Grade.

References available of guaranteed results for English. This year 2025, all pupils passed with great grades and went onto their chosen colleges and universities.

I am a fully qualified teacher of English of 20 years in both Academy and Grammar Schools in the UK with a Full DRB Check.

My background is in the media where I worked for News International Newspapers and in the Film Industry working on screenwriting and film scripts. I entered teaching in 2004 and since then I have taught in a variety of educational settings, Grammar Schools, Independent Schools, Secondary Education, Sixth Form and University degree level Journalism.

I have a passion for English literature, particularly 19th Century English Literature, American Contemporary Literature, Poetry and children's novels.

Teaching Experience:
My positions have included Teacher of English, Head of Faculty, Head of Department English & Media Studies.

I am a qualified examiner for AQA and I am currently teaching for all the main examination boards.

I have a BA (hons) Humanities, Dip HE Commmunications PGCE ITT Masters Level and an MA Education

Tutoring Approach:
With time, patience and care pupils have mastered the skills to succeed! Last years pupils had excellent results with pupils on Level 4 predictions moving to Level 6 and Level 7 in GCSE. 2 pupils gaining Level 9* in both GCSE Lit and Lang.
A Level pupils gaining outstanding results from predictions by 2 grades higher!

Thank you for taking the time to read my details and good luck with your studying! References available and testimony from happy parents and pupils in GCSE and A Levels.

If you are a family with a child that you require help for and are on a low income please come forward and I will do what I can to accommodate you.

Thank you for reading this and I look forward to working with you.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Bachelors Degree Graduate in Popular music.
Highly skilled Lead Guitarist with extensive experience as a performer, teacher and composer.

Teaching Experience:
One years experience, teaching 13 different students, with great success. Currently two of my students have joined bands and are proficiently good lead guitarists.

Tutoring Approach:
My philosophy is to make learning fun, music is a joy to the heart and soul and is a creative subject.
I'ts easy to get bogged down by the technicalities and theoretical knowledge,
however music should first and foremost, always be fun.
Learn the songs you love, while also retaining theory and building technical skills effortlessly.
I bring a teaching style that is:
Patient, understanding as well as caring, bringing a teaching style that is friendly and warm, and can adapt to suit student needs.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a music graduate, with aims to go into music lecturing. I am about to start an MA in Applied Musicology at Utrecht University. I decided to start Skype tuition because it`s an incredibly effective medium for teaching, and also because I don`t stay in one place for longer than a year at the moment due to being a student.

Teaching Experience:
I have been playing guitar since I was 8 years old, so for over 14 years now. I studied at Leeds College of Music for 2 years, and have recently graduated from Anglia Ruskin University with a BA(Hons) degree in Popular Music. I have played a range of styles, but find my favourite, and most developed, styles are funk and blues.

Tutoring Approach:
The teaching will be focussed around where YOU want to go. What type of guitar do you want to play? You tell me, and I'll tailor the path we take in order to both develop you as a musician and play the music you love!
I specialise in funk, blues, and rhythm guitar.
There are some core books I recommend you have access to before we begin, but aren't obligatory. They are: 'A Guide to Chords, Scales, & Arpeggios' by Al Di Meola, and 'Basix Scales & Modes for Guitar' by Steve Hall and Rom Manus.
I use these books for warm up exercises, which I value greatly, as it prevents damage to your hands, and means you learn and maintain the level of professionalism expected of every good musician.

My aims as a teacher are to get you to where you want to be with the guidance I can offer, and at the same time giving you the skills required to develop even further in your own independent practice.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a singer/composer/producer and songwriter. I've worked mainly in the advertising world, composing and producing for television.

In terms of teaching, I have helped people with regards to Vocal Coaching, Singing, Songwriting Techniques, Music Production and Relaxation, all under the bracket of music and performing.

Teaching Experience:
I have taught privately for 4 years. I have helped people develop their songwriting craft and assisted them in developing their songs and finding their own uniqueness. I also assist in recording sessions/rehearsals, focusing on making sure the vocalist is in a good emotional space and we can also look at technique and diction and the emotion behind the song.

In terms of production, I tend to work with Logic Pro, but the principles of production are to do with sound selection and arrangement. I help students hear which sound choices work, and hear the finer details in well crafted and produced songs. Once the principles are understood, this allows them to apply them to their own work.

Tutoring Approach:
I have a relaxed yet very focused approach to tutoring. First we'll identify the student's goals and intentions, whether it's purely singing based, or involves aspects of songwriting and performing or production. We then set some targets and work together to achieve them.

In terms of vocal technique, I have studied and integrated elements of 'Bel Canto', Speech level style singing, and more contemporary forms of vocal development. I also explain what each vocal exercise is designed to do, so we know why we're doing certain exercises.

Relaxation techniques are a big part of my work. This allows us to breathe more freely, and helps free us of any tensions which may stand in our way.

The confidence of technique and precise execution that becomes second nature is the key to successful musical delivery. I help develop those techniques that can be relied upon to deliver the true emotion and intention behind your of your work.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a mature experienced and patient tutor of children and young adults as well as adult learners. I enjoy getting students to do their best and supporting their own musical style and interests as far as possible. I enjoy encouraging the shyer or less confident students to do more than they think they can and achieve successful outcomes.

Teaching Experience:
Piano and theory 25 years private tuition ages 7 - 16 and adult beginners.

Young adults with Special Educational Needs, Brixton College.

Tutoring Approach:
I believe musical education is a vital part of developing the mind even in people who aren't particularly musical. It is also a welcome creative outlet for life and helps students develop other skills. I give my students my complete attention and get god results.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a passionate musician, I started playing the drums at the age of 8 years and later played the Piano and the Bass guitar. I am currently into music production where I make music for recording artist playing the drums, piano and bass guitar. I like to mentor passionate upcoming musician and encourage them to be better in their craft. I play diverse kinds of music; Jazz, RnB, Soul/Neo-Soul, African traditional music, Contemporary gospel music. I adapt swiftly into genres of music as long as the music imparts the soul of the listeners.

Teaching Experience:
In my 15years of learning and performing music in church and secular music, I have also had a handful number of students who have become successful in the music and have taken this craft as their career. I have been so proud to have poured into them and watch them develop.

Tutoring Approach:
I like to make music fun and enjoyable. I enjoy convincing students to see music as a gift and how privileged they are to be passionate about it. Being passionate about playing music or becoming a musician itself is a gift which millions of people living in this planet earth do not have. I like to make students realise that there is a sound, a melody, a song in them which the world needs to hear. That there is a creativity in every musician to be original in their music and yet the world would adjust and hear them out. However, to reach this level of creativity, they need to PRACTICE. This can not be overemphasized. The more time each student invest in constant practice and learning, the more they get closer to finding their own sound and music. This is my approach which has been working over the years. I try as much as possible to make it enjoyable for each student and let them be passionate about it. Once they are passionate about it, they wouldn't need me to tell them to practice or force them to do assignments. They just stayed glued to their music till they become greater in their purpose of calling.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I hold Associateship from the Royal College of Organists (ARCO) and a performance degree with honours from Trinity College of Music. I am currently Director of Music and organist at a church in Enfield, Freezywater and I enjoy conducting, performing, accompanying, rehearsing and sight-reading. I conducted the Festival Chorus singing the Handel's Messiah in Paris and last year organised three choirs to sing Faure's Requiem Mass. I am a very versatile musician and able to play the piano, harpsichord, voice, violin, viola, guitar and percussion. In recent years I have toured with the Hitchen Concert Band (Spain, Belgium) leading the percussion section. Musical engagements this year include accompanying the Enfield Choral Society at St Luke's Church and a solo piano performance including works by Chopin and Rachmaninoff.

Teaching Experience:
I have taught piano for 18 years and the organ for the last 10 years. As a music teacher within secondary school, for the last 7 years, I am always looking for opportunities to inspire the students and get them involved in making music. As a result of this, I have learnt how to motivate students and inspire them to practice music with great results. I have a 100 percent pass rate for GCSE and ABRSM exams and I have a wide range of skills including, knowledge of audio equipment, PA systems and a firm grasp on subject knowledge to degree level including the history and theory of music. In addition I have a firm understanding of music technology in particular Cubase, Garageband, Audacity and Sibelius.

Tutoring Approach:
Hello, I'm a friendly, experienced piano and theory teacher that will guide all ages to reach their musical ambitions, from beginner to professional. I can take students through all levels of classical study and jazz/pop.

Subjects

Personal Description:
Concert pianist and Oxford graduate with 6 years teaching experience giving music tuition in Manchester.

At the age of sixteen I began studying piano with Sam Armstrong at the Junior Department of the Trinity Laban Conservatoire and have since enjoyed increasing success and recognition. I have performed with the National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain as orchestral pianist at the Sage Gateshead and the Royal Festival Hall, including a live broadcast on BBC Radio 3. In 2015 I made my London concerto debut with Saint-Saëns' Piano Concerto No 2. The following year I sat the LRSM examination, and passed with distinction.

I graduated from Oxford University in 2018 with first class honours in Music. I am grateful to have been recognized with the Anjool Maldé Scholarship from St Peter's College in 2016. Currently I am studying for a Master's in piano performance from the Royal Northern College of Music, where my studies are supported by an Oglesby Charitable Trust scholarship, as well as postgraduate awards from Help Musicians UK and the Countess of Munster Musical Trust. Alongside solo recital engagements, I maintain a busy schedule of collaborative projects with singers and instrumentalists throughout the UK.

Teaching Experience:
I've been teaching piano and music theory and history to students of all ages and levels for six years. Students have passed grade 8 piano and grade 5 theory exams with distinction - no student of mine has yet got less than merit in ABRSM exams. I myself receive first class honours from Oxford University and am an active concert pianist.

Tutoring Approach:
My teaching style is flexible according to the needs, ambitions and level of my students. In tutorials we will work together through problems to ensure students are comfortable with the hows and whys of music. I am a patient, articulate and conscientious tutor.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I have over 20 years of teaching experience and have achieved a fellowship from the Victoria College of music in London for classical guitar playing and is a graduate Open university with a BA(Hons) first in humanities with music and history. Lessons are very supportive, friendly and interactive, using teaching files and mp3 examples to hear and perform the music. I aim to extend my lifelong passion and enthusiasm for music to everyone I teach. My instruments include guitar, ukulele, mandolin, banjo and bass guitar

Teaching Experience:
∙ Diploma in Classical Guitar Playing (AVCM) - Victoria College of Music
∙ BA (Hons) Humanities with Music - Open University
∙ Grades 5-8 (distinction) in classical guitar - Victoria College of Music
∙ Grade 3 (merit) grade 4-5 (distinction) - music theory Victoria College of Music
∙ Over 15 years of teaching experience on a wide range of instruments

Tutoring Approach:
My approach is to provide a fun, friendly and relaxed environment for teaching that will both support and motivate the student in their musical journey. To achieve this utilise a wide range of teaching materials and multimedia outlets, such as apps, CDs, books, etc to maximise the learning potential of the student. This also includes MP3's provided after the lesson to aid practice and reinforce timing, rhythm and phrasing. I have a 100% pass rate for pupils taking practical and music theory exams.

Subjects

Personal Description:
I am a student at Bangor University with a passion for music that I would love to share. I teach beginner and intermediate violin, as well as beginner singing.

Teaching Experience:
I have been playing violin for 9 years and singing in choirs for 10, with 2 years' experience leading an orchestra as concertmaster.

Tutoring Approach:
I'm happy to teach in any style or format you might be interested in, including electric and acoustic violin! I have the most experience in Classical and American Folk music but am interested in all genres. I will help you achieve any goals you might have in music; exams and qualifications or just learning for fun.

Subjects