Elgin Mandarin Tutors and Elgin Mandarin Tuition

Personal Description:
'Talented', 'inspiring', 'fun', 'a wealth of knowledge'...Majority of people enjoyed my lessons and fell in love with Chinese language. I am a smart Mandarin video creator and have composed 9 Mandarin learning books.

I have been teaching and training since 2009 and gained excellent testimonials. I have taught and trained over a thousand people from all backgrounds, including Defence Academy of UK, BP Technology Centre, Logicalis, The Said Business School, The European School at Culham and much more.

My specialisation in the teaching of Mandarin is designing structured and logical material and various activities in order to make learning enjoyable and achievable. I have developed inspiring and motivational teaching strategies. Some learners could be able to grasp Mandarin skills in 30 hours.

I enjoy teaching all levels, including GCSE, A Level, IB, university level and business Chinese.

I have good communication, organisation, planning and management skills with a sense of humour.

Thank you and enjoy learning Mandarin.

Teaching Experience:
Career Summary

June 2011 to present
Managing Director at MOLAES (Modern Oriental Language, Academic and Enterprise Services)
Clients including BP, Logicalis, P2i, Academy of Defence of UK, LPA Channel Electric, Said Business School, The
Taylor & Francis Group, European School at Culham, St. Hugh's Prep School and St Edward School in Oxford etc.

February 2012 to Present
Part-time Mandarin Teacher The Downe House

February 2011 to August 2011
Temporary Part-time Mandarin Teacher St. Bartholomew's School, Newbury

September 2009 to present
Permanent Part time Language Tutor Oxfordshire Adult Learning, Oxfordshire

February 2010 to Present
Contract Part-time Mandarin Tutor St. George International Foreign Languages
Directors Languages, Buckinghamshire
Professional Language Solutions
Simon & Simon Language School

I have been delivering Mandarin course to all levels and ages. My specialisation is designing
structured and logical material and wide ranges of activities to making learning enjoyable and achievable.

Each of my courses is tailored to needs of the students, beginning with developing their Individual Learning Plan and defining their Personal Learning Style. I also encourage my student to provide feedback and assessment of each lesson so that I can monitor my teaching style as I am always looking for ways to improve.

My goal is always to deliver teaching in a style which engages my students and makes learning interesting and fun.

Tutoring Approach:
Various approaches to meet the different learning styles.

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Personal Description:
I am a professional , competent qualified Chinese teacher who has 20 years of invaluable experience, And I am able to effectively communicate with students of all ages and abilities .

Teaching Experience:
I am currently a Mandarin teacher in a university , teaching university students and adult learners .I have experience teaching students in primary schools and secondary schools.

Tutoring Approach:
My lessons depend on the individual needs of the students whether it is for preparation for an exam , for tourists ,for business travellers or for those wanting to learn for their pleasure .
My tutoring covers pronunciation ,conversations,grammar, reading, culture and simplified Chinese character writing.
I can teach at my own house or that of the students.

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Personal Description:
I graduated from Durham University with an MA Education and I have Qualified Teacher Status specialised in Chinese teaching. My Bachelor degree was 'Chinese Literature'. I have a recent CRB check, Mandarin teaching experience at both private and state schools in London and East Sussex. I also have experiences of private tuition (age 8 months to 23 years old, from complete beginner to university level) and real passion for this career.

I have been teaching at a private school in London for almost 10 years. Prior to that, I taught at a prestigious private school in Sussex for three years. In the past few years, I have also been working as an A-Level Mandarin examiner. During my teaching placements I've came across a range of students with different abilities, and I have managed to help them achieve outstanding results with a variety of teaching strategies.

I am punctual, easy-going, patient with strong academic background together with a range of teaching experiences. If you would like a weekday evening, weekend or summer Mandarin intensive courses (areas: calligraphy, tourism, business, culture, exam preparation or even Chinese cookery!!), please feel free to drop me an email :)

I'd love to hear from you.

Teaching Experience:
1. Helped my tutee to pass his HSK4 exam within eight weeks of learning;
2. Years of teaching the English secondary school curriculum.
3. Every year of teaching, my students achieved 100% A-A*.
4. Lots of experience in HSK and business tuition.

Tutoring Approach:
I have plenty of interests and these can also be involved in extra-curricular activities in terms of Mandarin teaching, such as singing, cooking and calligraphy.

In order to build up an interactive learning atmosphere, I will mainly utilise the Communicative Language Teaching Method (CLT), which focuses on cultural aspects. I will also use other teaching approaches in accordance with the purpose of learning, learners' age and their language backgrounds.

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Personal Description:
I'm a Chinese girl who is really hard working and self-disciplined. I am a postgraduate in Translation and Interpreting at University of Essex. I did my bachelor's degree in English in China and I was the top student in my class.

Apart from the high levels of enthusiasm and commitment, as I have been trained intensively to be a Simultaneous Interpreter/ Conference Interpreter, I enjoy the advantage of good presentation and speaking manner. It's proven that I have strong teamwork spirit and multitask skills. I can work under high pressure and am able to schedule priorities and perform/delegate accordingly to effectively accomplish tasks at hand. Living in China for 20 years, I can always look at things in new perspective. Culturally I am strongly adaptive since I can smoothly operate in two entirely different environments.

Teaching Experience:
I have tutored some primary school kids on their English course when I was in China. Their class performance was much better after my tutoring. I managed to get a Teacher's Certificate by taking the national exam when I was in China.

I have a real passion for languages and have been very privileged to have had the opportunities to go and live in the countries where these languages are spoken and experience the diverse culture each country has to offer. Teaching is something that I am very passionate about and want to help others have the same opportunities I have been fortunate to have.

Tutoring Approach:
I work closely with my students to customize the most effective one-on-one tutoring solution. I listen. Before designing a module, I make careful observation and evaluate the student's ability. I teach with the most patience.

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Personal Description:
I have studied PGCE Mandarin at a university in the Uk and obtained a qualified teacher certificate. I am teaching Mandarin at a school in the south of England. All of my students like my teaching because not only can they learn mandarin listening, speaking, reading and writing, but they also enjoy learning about the different Chinese cultures as well as taking part in many activities at the same time. All of my GCSE year students have achieved A* grade GCSE Mandarin. I am a mandarin native speaker and I used to be a compere on the stage in China. I taught Chinese language and Chinese dancing in a Chinese school in the UK for 14 years.

Teaching Experience:
I have taught Children's, adult mandarin, Chinese GCSG and A level private tuition 1 to 1 and 1 to 2.
•My dancing group students won the championship in the UK south west region Chinese Dancing competition in year 2012 and 2013.
•I graduated from Goldsmiths University of London with PGCE Mandarin and the tutor chose me to film my Chinese lesson for 11 to 12 year old GCSE students for Mandarin teachers' training. I also give Chinese teachers training.
• My students won the first prize for participating Mandarin Speaking Competition in 2020 and they will represent the UK to compete with other countries'.

Tutoring Approach:
I always try to make my lessons very enjoyable with Chinese music, PPT, CD, flash cards, Chinese idioms, telling stories, roll play, singing Chinese songs, videos of Chinese cultures, playing different games, computer games and debate. Lots of variety making the lessons an active learning process.

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Personal Description:
I am a native speaker of Mandarin. I am a graduate student who study Radio in University of London. My BA degree is Journalism and I graduated from one of top universities in Mainland China. I am good at Mandarin. I love to talk and communicate.

Teaching Experience:
attend the language exchange group and tech people Mandarin.

Tutoring Approach:
Chinese phonetic alphabet
Chinese characters and pronunciation
useful sentence and dialogue

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Personal Description:
I am a native Chinese speaking fluent standard Chinese Mandarin and English, and have taught Chinese Mandarin for over 18 years in Birmingham, and currently work part time for a local mainstream school in UK.

I am also an experienced English and Maths tutor and a certified 11+ teacher and have a very good success rate with all of my pupils for passing 11+ tests, successfully grabbed places in local grammar schools and private schools, and achieving higher GCSE grades.

Teaching Experience:
I have taught Chinese Mandarin for over 20 years to students from different countries with diverse linguistic backgrounds in UK. I have experience in teaching Chinese at various levels including GCSE, A level and HSK. I currently work part time for a local mainstream school in UK.

I am also an experienced English and Maths tutor and a certified 11+ teacher and have a very good success rate with all of my pupils for passing 11+ tests, successfully grabbed places in local grammar schools and private schools, and achieving higher GCSE grades.

Tutoring Approach:
I am a patient, passionate and dedicated female teacher and have a track record of helping students achieve top grades and dramatically improve their attainment. My lessons are tailored to meet each student's need, interesting and motivating.

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Personal Description:
I'm Nonie. I'm originally from Taiwan. I have lived and studied in several countries and speak several languages. I speak fluent Mandarin, Taiwanese, English and Japanese. I also speak conversational German and Spanish. I haven't stopped learning languages because it's such a fun thing to do.

I have taught in junior school and secondary schools in England for a few years. Now I base in Wales. I work with Confucius Institute teachings students in University of Wales Trinity Saint David. I also give private lessons in person and online. Apart from that, from time to time, I work with the Reaching Wider Department of Swansea University, teaching Mandarin, the culture and the art of writing such as Chinese Calligraphy to pupils of different ages.

I would love to be able to share my language learning and teaching experiences with whoever finds learning languages difficult, especially with the ones who find reading and writing Chinese impossible.

There are many ways that you can learn Mandarin. I assure you that you'd not just be writing characters but singing and playing games with me. You will have access to the learning materials online and on apps. Whenever you have time, you'd be able to access them and play the games. If you are almost giving it up, give me a shout and I might just get you back on track!

Teaching Experience:
I have been teaching Mandarin to adults for years. Currently I am teaching Mandarin at high schools in London and also teaching private students from age 6.

Tutoring Approach:
Apart from text books, I use traditional games, board games, songs and other activities to help students learning. I share my language learning skills with my students and break down words for them so it is easier for them to understand and remember.

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Personal Description:
I am an artist working in my own art studio in Ouseburn, Newcastle. I express my love of culture and diversity through my art and teaching practices. I try to explore a vast range of styles (12 different art styles) to earn a richer understanding of the cultures that they come from. Over three decades, I have made a living creating; a freelance artist and tutor. I have a BA degree in Fine art from Beijing. China and a MA in Art from UK.

Teaching Experience:
I have years of experience teaching art and language for all age groups delivering one-to-one, groups and large events. I also a qualified adults education teacher. I also work with SEN children and adults to improve their wellbeing through art therapy.

Tutoring Approach:
I am friendly, well organized, work on time, motivated teacher. I can be flexible and tailor the lessons suits for your need. I

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Personal Description:
I finished my postgraduate study at the University of Birmingham in Dec 2018. I had stayed in UK for more than a year. I really love UK until now. The time when I was living in UK left me a great and impressive memory.

Now I have returned to China, I would like to keep contact with British people, and continue tutoring online. There are 7 or 8 hours time difference between UK and China. Therefore, someone who are interested in learning Chinese, or want to know the culture of China, or want to improve your Maths, please leave me a message. I will do my best to be a good tutor and also a good international friend of you.

In particular, for those who are interested in tutoring English, we can tutor each other for free.

Teaching Experience:
I was a volunteer teacher when I was an undergraduate student in China. It was in a countryside school of Hunan province. I went there with my schoolmates in a summer holiday. I taught students mathematics and introduced interesting things in the university to them. Although time passed fast, we had wonderful time together. Importantly, children learned something from me, which is unforgettable in their life and is meaningful to me as well.

I had an experience of tutoring two junior school students for Maths of IGCSE when I was in UK. It lasted over two months. During that time I helped them make big progresses in their studies. I also gain the friendship from their families which will last forever.

I had also tutored Mandarin for two kids in the UK after finishing IGCSE. It was easier for me to tutor language compared to Maths. I enjoyed the time when I spent with those two cute kids.

Tutoring Approach:
I would prepare for the lessons very well before tutoring.
Using an everyday language, make knowledge clear and easy to understand.
Develop student's interest step by step.
Providing good examples.
Give suggestions of study.
etc.

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Personal Description:
I currently work in a school in Shropshire. I have full DBS checks and work with children regularly

Teaching Experience:
I have recently started to teach Mandarin to children. I have also taught EAL for many years.

Tutoring Approach:
The key to Mandarin is mastering the tones at an early stage and this has always been my approach to learning.

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Personal Description:
I am a native speaker in Mandarin with a standard accent and I am currently teaching Mandarin in the UK .
I studied Chinese Language and Literature for four years in China.
I graduated in MA Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages.
I have been teaching Chinese to speakers of other language over 6 years.

Teaching Experience:
I have been teaching Chinese to speakers of other language over 6 years in both University and language institute in China
I teach beginners Mandarin and teach learners with higher level purpose .
I also have been teaching and helping students acquire mandarin for travelling, business , daily communicating etc.
I taught different classes . And my students from different age groups from 6 years old kids to 50 plus years old adults.
Generally my students could communicate with native freely during 3 months learning in my classes, and almost all my students could reach the HSK(Chinese proficiency Test) level 2 or level 3 through 6 months learning.
After 6-month teaching in this Institute I assistant teaching supervisor to give training to new Chinese teachers.

Tutoring Approach:
Normally my lessons are tailored to students' interests.I prefer to introduce Chinese culture, history and dialects to students.
Using games to help students memorise characters.
Teaching plan is flexible depending on which level you want to achieve.

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Personal Description:
I graduated from university in China with a major in Journalism. I worked for more than five years at provincial and municipal television stations in China as a presenter, and I obtained certification in the National Putonghua Proficiency Test. In order to further enhance my skills, I pursued a Master's degree in International Business at a university in the UK, which I successfully completed. From the above, it can be seen that my proficiency in Chinese comes from my background in Journalism, while my international perspective is derived from studying International Business at the Master's level.

I am a loving, patient teacher with a strong sense of responsibility and I truly love Chinese language teaching.

Teaching Experience:
I have been teaching Chinese for nearly 10 years, and during this time I also founded my own Chinese school, offering courses from beginner to intermediate and advanced levels. The main exams I prepare students for include YCT1-4, HSK1-6, GCSE Chinese, A-LEVEL Chinese, Business Chinese (from beginner to advanced), and more. My students have achieved outstanding results: a 100% pass rate for YCT1-4 with average scores above 90, GCSE Chinese students scoring 8 A+ or above, National 5 Mandarin students receiving A grades, A-LEVEL Chinese students achieving 8 A+ or above, and a recent student scored 260 out of 300 on the HSK4 Exam.

I can help students of any Chinese proficiency level reach their desired goals. I am a very kind and patient teacher with a high sense of responsibility. With the rapid development of internet technology and to save time and convenience, many students prefer to learn online. Would you like to learn Chinese online? Would you like me to teach you Chinese?

Tutoring Approach:
My Chinese teaching method primarily involves using both English and Chinese simultaneously. For beginner students, English is used more frequently than Chinese. However, as teaching progresses and students' proficiency in Chinese improves, Chinese gradually becomes the dominant language. Of course, the use of both languages varies randomly and is never fixed.

In classroom, I practice different teaching methods e.g. entertaining and interactive lectures and follow through induction, these effectively stimulate students' interest and enthusiasm in learning Chinese.

Furthermore, individualized instruction is the primary teaching method I employ in Chinese language teaching. Different students have different comprehension abilities, which requires teachers to continuously adapt to their students. I am a caring and patient teacher, but I also maintain a certain level of strictness. In my teaching, I promptly provide assistance and corrections tailored to students' specific challenges, allowing them to progress more effectively.

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Personal Description:
Native Mandarin speaker born and raised in China, systematically educated to a high standard (graduated from primary, middle and high schools). Highly educated, successfully graduated with a couple of academic degrees from top British universities including Imperial College London. Currently working in banking in the city of London.

Teaching Experience:
Many years of one to one experiences with private school students from Tonbridge and Sevenoaks as well as younger kids and mature students.

Tutoring Approach:
I have had experience teaching children from a young age as well as mature students, therefore I am more than happy to customize teaching pace and technique according to the requirement of my students.

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Personal Description:
Fully qualified teacher of Mandarin (all levels).

I prepare students for GCSE and A-level exams, as well as conduct and assess these exams for schools. I also provide teaching services for higher education establishments, government departments, and corporate entities.
I assist students with all levels of the Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK), and all my students have a very high success rate.

Teaching Experience:
I have been professionally teaching Mandarin for 15 years +.

Tutoring Approach:
I am a passionate teacher and like to keep my lessons interactive and fun.

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Personal Description:
Native Mandarin Speaker & Experienced Mandarin Tutor

Hello everyone, my name is Angel. I am a Chinese citizen living in Nottingham (United Kingdom), working as a professional online tutor. For face to face lessons, these will only be available in Nottingham. Thank you kindly for taking the time to visit my profile.

My formal education is obtaining China's 'National Teacher Certification' in 2018, specialising in teaching Junior Secondary School students.

My career has seen me teaching English in schools in China for over five years, with an additional five years experience of being a private Mandarin tutor in UK. Including online classroom teaching experience for British private schools.

The usual age of my students are from 3 to 16 years old, however I have good experience working with adults. Since early of 2019 I have taught Chinese in person and online across students of different abilities, e.g. Primary, Pearson Edexcel GCSE, A Level, HSK Standard Course, YCT Standard Course, Chinese Made Easy and Adult learners. My focus is adapting to the teaching needs, learning styles and abilities of my students. As of recently, I have enjoyed tutoring my students online during the pandemic.

I had helped over 35 students to prepare their GCSE exam and got good grade privately over the past few years. And five students for Pearson A Level.

Recently I had received some good news from my students those who have attended GCSE and IGCSE in 2024, for Pearson Edexcel GCSE: one student achieved Grade 9, two students achieved Grade 8, one achieved Grade 7; one student achieved IGCSE grade A. I'd like to support more students who wants to prepare for their GCSE, IGCSE or A level Exam.

My skill sets include teaching Mandarin character writing, standard Mandarin pronunciation and proficiencies in Chinese culture. I am excited to put my skills and knowledge to use here UKtutors, for teaching authentic Mandarin to those looking for a Mandarin tutor. I make use of the TPR (Total Physical Response) teaching method, to give my students immersion in the language, attract their attention, with a focus on making the lessons more fun, to let my students enjoy learning a new language.

Through my lessons, I can effectively help young students or adult learners reach their personal goals in Mandarin.

If you want to learn or improve your Mandarin in person / on-line, please contact me. I will respond to you as soon as possible. I hope to help your listening, speaking, reading and writing Chinese in day-to-day life.

Looking forwards to hearing from you.
Thank you. Best wishes.

Teaching Experience:
My career has seen me teaching English in schools in China for over five years, with an additional three years experience of being a private Mandarin tutor in UK. The usual age of my students are from 3 to 16 years old, however I have good experience working with adults. Since early of 2019 I have taught Chinese in person and online across students of different abilities, e.g. Primary, GCSE, HSK and Adult learners. My focus is adapting to the teaching needs, learning styles and abilities of my students. As of recently, I have enjoyed tutoring my students online during the pandemic.

Tutoring Approach:
I start teaching online since early 2019.I had some regular students they have online Mandarin lesson at least once a week, we use new tool to practice what we need to learn. The result turns out very good.

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Personal Description:
I graduated from UCL-IOE with a master's degree in TESOL education. Before coming to the UK, I worked as an English teacher in a middle school in China. After graduating with a master's degree, I decided to stay in the UK for development. I have worked in different Chinese education institutions, including charity schools for overseas Chinese children, one-on-one tutoring, and teaching Chinese in different British primary schools, middle schools and high schools. GCSE Chinese is taught for the majority of my curriculum and my students have achieved very good grades.

Reference from the previous student's parents:
'When we returned from Hong Kong where our daughter had been learning Mandarin for a few years, her London school did not have a Mandarin programme so Jing tutored her to GCSE level outside of school. Thanks to Jings careful but stimulating tuition, Martha made astonishing progress, especially given she had just one hour a week, much of which was through Covid. She sat the GCSE one year ahead of her other GCSEs and achieved a grade 8. Jing's lessons kept Martha motivated and she went into the GCSE well prepared and calm She loved working with Jing and was delighted with her result! Jing was a pleasure to deal with throughout. We couldn't recommend her highly enough!' ------- Sarah Lewell

Teaching Experience:
As a Mandarin teacher for curriculum and private tuition since 2015, my major duties are:
Designing different lessons based on the learners' level. Giving English reports to the school or parents. Marking coursework and giving feedback to students. Managing students' behaviour in the classroom. Invigilating examinations.

Tutoring Approach:
My teaching method focuses on motivating students to focus more on Chinese learning through interest or the way students are interested. For example, use some catchy nursery rhymes, songs, and small games to guide primary school students who are new to Chinese. For older students, I will use the apps in computers, ipads and other electronic products to help students quickly master the words they have learned. and so on.

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Personal Description:
I am a former teacher at a GCSE and Sixth Form college in west London. I currently work in the E-learning industry. I also have my own podcast about education, Education Bookcast. I cover a book a week about education research, for the benefit of teachers, parents, and anybody who takes an interest.

I am a Chemical Engineering graduate from Trinity College, Cambridge.

Teaching Experience:
I have worked as a tutor for 7 years in total. My students vary from 11+ to Key stage 3 to GCSE to A-level as well as university level students. I have taught over 70 students one-on-one so far, as well as many more in school and in private courses for examinations such as STEP, usually for several months at a time.

Here are some of the things that my students have said about me:

"Stas is an excellent tutor, I am studying Mechanical Engineering and his knowledge of Maths, Mechanics and Thermo Dynamics is extensive. He explained things in a clear and precise way and was always well prepared for the sessions. He was also punctual and reliable; it was a pleasure to learn from him."
Jack, Liverpool University

"I am currently studying Chemical Engineering, and Stas tutored me for Process Engineering, his teaching was nothing but the best, i understood the course in no time. He explains everything from the basics, something i wanted. Honestly, I will recommend him any day! He is a brilliant tutor."
Zahra, Manchester University

"Stas is an enthusiastic and patient Maths tutor. He has provided me with some very good examples, and has been a great help."
Jim, Manchester Metropolitan University, MA Bioinformatics

"Stas is a great tutor. I feel much more confident with Maths now then I did when we first started. It is evident in my grades that Stas has helped me improve in Maths. He is very good at explaining the material that I don't understand; he uses different scenarios to help explain them which enables me to apply Maths to real life situations. I enjoyed our tuition sessions, as Stas made Maths fun!"
Sehr, Manchester, AS Maths

"My son, Alex was having problem with Biology, so far he had only few lessons with Stas but there's been a huge improvement in his grade already. We have been so impressed with Stas's teaching techniques, that we are taking on extra lessons in Maths and Physics with Stas. Stas is the most genuine teacher I've come across, there is no nonsense with him. I can see that Stas truly enjoys teaching and more importantly my son finds learning from Stas is so enjoyable."
Mel, Cheshire

"Stas has tutored me in Maths, Chemistry and Physics at GCSE level. He is very clear and explains things well. He is also very patient, will listen and when I don't understand will try to explain things in a different way. He has been very supportive throughout my exams and has helped me to feel more confident about them. We went through all of the difficult things I struggled with, so that I had a better understanding of them.
I got A*'s in all the subjects he tutored me. He is helping me with A levels now."
Kaija, London

"This has been our first experience of using a tutor and it has been very good, thanks to Stas. Not only is he very reliable, but my son has enjoyed the sessions and learnt a great deal in terms of problem solving with his maths, Further Maths and Physics. Stas has also been able to help with some more complex Chemistry work. So far, they have worked through the more challenging sections of the Further Maths syllabus and past papers. Most importantly, my son finds their sessions extremely useful and Stas inspirational to work with."
Tamlyn, London

"Stas is extremely easy to get on with, always polite and extremely patient with me.
He maintains a constant positive approach and encourages me dutifully regardless of how badly I perform.
He helps me keep track of how I am improving so that I can watch my progress based on timely reviews of what we have achieved.
Stas is a fantastic guy and a terrific teacher. Based on my experiences I would certainly be able to recommend him to anyone.
Overall Rating (10/10)"
Joe, London

Tutoring Approach:
It is easy to overcomplicate things.

- Anyone can learn anything. It's a matter of method, support, application, and belief.
- Students learn new material at first by seeing a need to learn the new thing (e.g. because they don't know how to solve a new problem), and connecting new information to things they already know.
- They then need to strengthen this understanding by engaging in problems themselves and trying to remember what they have learned.
- Many students need to gain confidence. This partly comes from encouragement, but true confidence comes from progress and success, which comes from following the above.
- Students need guidance. It's challenging enough to try to focus on the material. Teachers need to make sure that all of students' focus is placed on thinking about the content, rather than on sideline issues like trying to figure out what comes next.
- Efficiency is important. Most people have specific targets (e.g. passing an exam). Things need to happen quickly.
- At the same time, early stages sometimes need to take longer in order to build a foundation for what follows. Taking a step back can be important in order to be clear on what's really going on, and avoiding rote memorisation or "going through the motions".

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